PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN EARTHEN PONDS STOCKED WITH AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FEEDING WITH DIFFERENT DIETS
Aida
Dawah
Central Lab. for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
author
Safwat
Gomaah
Central Lab. for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of protein-based diets on phytoplankton composition and dynamics stocked with African catfish fingerlings Clarias gariepinus.Plankton samples were collected from 12 earthen ponds 400 m2 which stocked with 40.07 ±1.12 gm fish (4000 fingerlings each). Poultry by-product meal was used to substitute fish meal as a source of the animal protein in a 25% protein pelleted feed for C. gariepinus. Experimental diets (25% protein), with fish meal protein replaced by protein from poultry by-product meal at three levels 0% (D0), 35% (D35) and 70% (D70) were manufactured, fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings and the rearing period lasted for ~12 months. All treatments were characterized by both increasing in the chlorophyll “a” content and decrease in secchi disk readings with time. The data showed that the algal composition represented by the four divisions Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Dinoflagellates. The diet ponds fed on D70 had significantly the highest standing crop of phytoplankton compared to all other treatments (p < 0.05). Most of this production consisted of blue green algae approximately 64-90 % of phytoplankton standing crop. Although the diet D0 produced a high abundance of green algae but the diet with D35 insignificant with D70 in phytoplankton communities. The great abundance of blue-green algae caused the misuse of the diatoms, green algae and dinoflagellates which also accompanied by reduction in aquaculture yields. Although, the all treatments resulted in the flourish in the production of algal density but they did not lead to any significant increase in zooplankton abundance in all treatment. This is may be due to the fact that most of algal density in all treatments consisted of inedible blue-green algae which are unacceptable to zooplankton. Generally, it can conclude that there was insignificantly between D0 and the D35 in terms of algal community during in all seasons. So, we can replace the poultry by-product meal at level 35 % by fish meal for African catfish feed pellets.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
1
15
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114011_b9fd377034db41c114e0fe7db452272e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114011
EFFECT OF INOCULATION DENSITY OF AZOLLA FRONDS ON NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND HETEROCYST FREQUENCY OF THE AZOLLA-ANABAENA AZOLLAE SYMBIOSIS
Skina
Tantawy
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
author
Soheir
Fahmy
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., Soils, Water & Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
The effect of inoculation density level for three Azolla species namely A. microphylla, A. filiculoides and A. pinnata was investigated under greenhouse conditions in term of senescence associated with Azolla fronds overcrowding. In this respect three inoculum levels, i.e., 0.2 kg, 1.0 kg and 2.0 kg m-2 were tested. Overcrowding influence on Azolla was assessed in terms of frond yellowing, nitrogenase activity and heterocyst frequency. Frond discoloration of A. microphylla, A. filiculoides was observed after only 7 days in higher inocula level (1.0 and 2.0 kg m-2). However, in the lower level of inocula 0.2 kg m-2 the discoloration was observed after 15 days. However, A. pinnata exhibited frond discoloration on day 10 for 0.2 kg and on day 5 for higher inoculum levels. The nitrogenase activity increased significantly on 7 days at less crowded condition in the cultures inoculated with 0.2 kg m-2 for all the tested species. At higher inoculum levels, the nitrogenase activity declined on the third week, after which very low enzyme activity, overcrowding, and extensive senescence were noticed at all inoculurn levels. Azolla plants maintained in the dark for 12 hrs prior to beginning of dark incubation period of 3 hrs showed an almost zero nitrogen-fixing activity compared to plants exposed to continuous light. Heterocyst formation on the 12th leaf from the tip increased up to the seventh day in the three species at 0.2 kg m-2and in A. pinnata only at 1.0 kg m-2 inoculum level. There was an apparent gradually decline in the heterocyst count in the three species at higher inoculum levels throughout the culture period.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
17
26
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114013_1726e0e9b77beae1dc7469981bcba49a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114013
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ULVA LACTUCA (L.)
Islam
Elmanawy
Bot. Dept., Fac. Sci., Suez Canal Univ.
author
Samia
Hafez
Pharmacognosy Dept, Fac. Pharmacy, Zagazig Univ.
author
Yassin
El-Ayouty
Bot. Dept, Fac. Sci., Zagazig Univ.
author
Hamed
El-adel
Bot. Dept., Fac. Sci., Benha Univ.
author
Iman
Eraqi
Bot. Dept., Fac. Sci., Benha Univ.
author
text
article
2005
eng
Different growth stages of Ulva lactuca were harvested from different biotopes in the Suez Canal during February through April 2003 and subjected to bioassay to detect substances with biological activity. The total alcoholic extract of algal material was fractionated into light petroleum, chloroform, ethyl acetate, fatty acid methyl esters and unsaponifiable matter. The effect of extracts was more pronounced as antifungal than as antibacterial. Petroleum extract had the more prominent effect on Aspergillus niger. Fatty acid methyl ester had a greater effect on Chrysosporium sp, whereas, unsaponifable acetate extract affected Fusarium sp. Bacillus subtilus was found to be sensitive to all solvent extracts. Ethyl acetate extract affected Staphylococcus aureus. Unsaponifable acetate affected Sarcina lutea. The un-saponifable fraction was analyzed by GLC, GC/MS, and TLC. GLC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters and unsaponifiable fraction revealed the presence of twelve fatty acids, palmitic, oleic and margaric acids represented by 70.34, 20.9 and 2.26%, respectively, while the hydrocarbon C-28 was the major unsaponifiable one (63.76%).
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
27
38
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114021_f9ed9408a9bafc7bc392f06004477b8d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114021
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF SEAWEEDS AT EL ARISH COAST OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA (EGYPT)
Gihan
ElShoubaky
Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Suez Canal University, Port Said, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
The real chance for establishing and studying the benthic seaweeds communities at ElArish coast was modified directly to human activity at ElArish sandy shore.Seaweeds vegetation and community at ElArish coast were studied seasonally from April 2000 to March 2001. Eighty species were recorded from five sites along ElArish coast (15 km). These sites were found to include 28 species of green algae, 43 species of red algae and 9 species of brown algae. The environmental factors were studied as air & water temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, pollution sources, water current, rocks and their slope. The distribution of most of the floristic composition and vegetation groups not much influenced by most of the environmental factors and seasons. There were predominant and opportunistic species all over the year. Some species were recorded once for one season in each site, then disappeared during the rest of the study period. Seaweeds increased at the sites which overlooked directly on the sea. It was also apparent that seaweeds, especially red algae, increased toward the east of ElArish coast, so, the shore tend to be more clearly (non polluted area).
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
39
55
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114025_ef8e265396336c80a669d150b55595de.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114025
SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE SPRING PHYTOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION IN PORT SAID COAST (EGYPT)
Fedekar
Madkour
Department of Marine Science, Suez Canal University. Ismailia, Egypt.
author
text
article
2005
eng
The coastal area of Port Said is subjected to water exchange with two different water bodies, the Suez Canal and LakeManzalah. Samples were collected from area subjected to both Suez Canal and LakeManzalah waters (western coast), also from area eastern coast of Port Said and from the northern entrance of the Suez Canal in spring of two years 2004 and 2005. Surface water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were measured and phytoplankton species composition and abundance were studied. Surface water salinity showed visible variations along the coast with values ranged between 26 ‰ and 40 ‰. The western coast in front of lakeManzalah displayed the lowest number of phytoplankton species (14 species) with the highest standing crop (273 x103 individuals/L). The diatoms were the dominant group in both western and eastern coasts; by contrast, the dinoflagellates dominated all the phytoplankton groups at the coastal area near to the mouth of the Suez Canal. Phytoplankton community of the Port Said coast was dominated with different species. Western area was dominated by Cyclotella menegheniana, Nitzschia closterium, Cyclotella kutzingiana, Anabaena torulosa and Anabaena spiroides while eastern coast was dominated by Synedra pulchella. The lowest values of diversity indices were observed in the western coast during both two seasons and in the eastern coast in spring 2005. Different phytoplankton species composition and abundance were observed at the same stations in the springs of the two years. The variations of phytoplankton community structure and abundance at the coastal area of Port Said were discussed.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
57
72
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114030_6fdb69764661b6b9077a02183b0dead8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114030
EFFECT OF SOME ALGAL SPECIES ON THE SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOSTS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN EGYPT I. SURVIVAL, FECUNDITY AND NET REPRODUCTIVE RATES
Sanaa
Shanab
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University
author
Faiza
El-Assal
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University
author
Amin
Abou-El-Hassan
Environmental and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute.
author
Kadria
Mahmoud
Environmental and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute.
author
text
article
2005
eng
Planktonic samples were collected from two habitats in Giza Governorate, Kafr Hakem (+ snails) and Sadek canals (- snails). Oscillatoria accuminata and Lyngbya perelegans were collected from the first location, while Phormidium valderianum, Spirogyra sp and Lyngbya perelegans were separated from the second one. Nostoc muscorum was obtained from Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI) and used in some experiments as control because it is non toxic. The effect of the previously mentioned algal species on Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails, the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in Egypt, was studied. Investigations were carried out on the survivorship (Lx), fecundity (Mx) and reproduction (R0) of the snails. The obtained results indicate that O. accuminata, Spirogyra sp and L. perelegans were non toxic, while P. valderianum was toxic to the two snail species (sublethal concentration LC0 was used in the experiments). Concerning the survivorship, both snail species fed on O. accuminata had a higher survival rate than snails fed on other algal species or lettuce. While low survival rate was recorded in both snail species fed on Spirogyra sp. Fecundity of snails fed on lettuce (control) showed the highest value, followed by P. valderianum and L. perelegans, while the lower fecundity value was recorded in snails fed on O. accuminata. Concerning the net reproductive rate, snails nourished on lettuce recorded the highest value, while those fed on L. perelegans showed the lowest one. Chromatographic analysis of P. valderianum extract (using GC/MS) revealed the presence of toxic and molluscicidaly active components.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
73
92
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114037_af1fe35eb5ff0422ded327d67ee18642.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114037
EFFECT OF SOME ALGAL SPECIES ON THE SNAIL INTERMEDIATE HOSTS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN EGYPT II. GROWTH, INFECTION AND MORTALITY RATES
Faiza
El-Assal
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University
author
Sanaa
Shanab
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University
author
Amin
Abou-El-Hassan
Environmental and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute.
author
Kadria
Mahmoud
Environmental and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute.
author
text
article
2005
eng
This investigation was carried out using isolates of four algal species. Three cyanobacteria (Lyngbya perelegans, Oscillatoria accuminata and Phormidium valderianum) andone green alga (Spirogyra sp.) collected from Kafr Hakem (+ snails) and Sadek canals (- snails) in Giza Governorate, in addition to Nostoc muscorum obtained fromTheodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI). Snails were fed separately on fresh algal species, on a combination of two species and on a mixture of the five algal species, during twenty weeks (5 months) and lettuce was used as control. Growth rate of snails (shell diameter and height), infection rate and mortality percentage were recorded weekly during the experimental time. Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails fed on separate algal species, sublethal concentration of Phormidium valderianum (LC0) and lettuce demonstrated the highest growth rates, while the lowest rate was recorded in Spirogyra sp. Using mixed food of two algal species, the maximum rate of snail growth was observed in snails fed on the LC0 of Phormidium valderianum + Spirogyra sp, followed by those fed on Oscillatoria accuminata + Spirogyra sp. Snails fed on a mixture of all algal species exhibited the maximum growth rate. The highest rate of infection and lowest percentage of mortality were recorded in both snail species fed on lettuce (59% & 19% for B. alexandrina and 77.3% & 10.7% for B. truncatus, respectively). The minimum rate of infection and maximum percentage of mortality were observed in snails fed on Spirogyra sp. The nutritional value of the algal species and lettuce, using Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), were analyzed and discussed on the light of the obtained results.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
93
110
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114041_c85127b1b3e32ad55b7407f3ae7d2229.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114041
CHANGES IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERS AND ITS IMPACT ON PHYTOPLANKTON STRUCTURE OF LAKE MANZALA.
Rawheya
Salah El Din
Botany and Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ. (Girl Branch).
author
text
article
2005
eng
The changes in phytoplankton and physico-chemical characters of LakeManzala were studied during the period from January 2003 and March 2004. Water samples collected from ten stations representing four sectors. The physico-chemical is highly loaded of different source of pollution. Phytoplankton standing crop and diversity were highly affected by the high amount of pollution effluents into the Lake. The species composition of the main algal groups showed distinct variations. The dominance of algal groups at the Lake was in the following order Bacillariophyta (54.75 %), Chlorophyta (39.31 %) and Cyanobacteria (4.83 %) were the most dominant groups. However, Dinophyta (0.73 %) and Euglenophyta (0.37 %) were not detected during summer season. Diatoms species dominate in all sectors all year around.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
111
126
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114043_35576730e9cdc0b15386040a1b934a7a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114043
EFFECT OF 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID ON CYANOBACTERIA (ANABAENA SP) GROWTH IN THE PRESENCE OF EITHER GLOCUSE OR TRYPTOPHANE
Skina
Tantawy
Botany Department, Faculty of Sience, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
author
El Sayeda
Hassan
Agricultural Microbiology Department, Soils, Water & Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
2,4-Dichiorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stimulated growth and heterocyst differentiation of Anabaena sp. in nitrogen free medium at low concentration 100 µg mL-1 while its higher concentrations inhibited both processes and 500 µg mL-1 proved to be lethal. Dry mass and specific growth rate of algae declined with increasing concentration of 2,4-D in the range of 100-1500 µg mL-1. Glucose slightly increased the heterocyst frequency without any lag in their differentiation. Tryptophan promoted growth of the alga and formation of heterocysts (nearly three fold). Tryptophan (50 µg mL-1) complex medium with 1 mg 2, 4-D per ml did not produce mature heterocysts. The filaments were fragmented at the point of heterocyst development and detached heterocyst germinated in situ. Glucose and tryptophan protected the alga, its growth and heterocyst differentiation even at the lethal concentration of the herbicide.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
127
135
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114049_2265a46e01866a8fad5ff9cfa94a30ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114049
METAL LEVELS IN COMMON SEAWEEDS FROM SUEZ BAY
Islam
El-Manawy
Botany Dept., Fac. Sci., Suez Canal Uni.
author
Wagdy
El-Sarraf
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
author
Fikry
Mourad
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
author
text
article
2005
eng
Metal levels (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) were determined in water and 24 species of seaweedsat 8 sites on SuezBay close to the industrial and urban zone, from March 1998 through February 1999. The seaweeds of the SuezBay contribute competently for elimination of trace metals from the water. The levels of metal in seawater were between 0.105 ppb for chromium and 20.76 ppb for zinc. In seaweed species, the levels were between 1.93 ppm for chromium and 1528.89 ppm for iron. Many species have high capacity for absorption of certain metals, making them good bioremediators. At the forefront, Cladophoropsis zollingeri (Chlorophyta) accumulated Cr, Fe, and Mn at 70, 112, and 306 times their levels in seawater. For Cd, Co, and Pb, calcareous algae such as Jania rubens, Halimeda tuna, and Galaxaura oblongata are good bioremediators. They accumulated 29, 32, and 34 times the levels measured in seawater.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
137
150
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114054_190d420061f410be487ee4d14bf1ad01.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114054
RESPONSE OF MICRO ALGAE TO WATER TREATMENT OPERATION
Azza
Abdel-Aty
Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
El-Dib
Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
Algal population of NileRiver water is mainly composed of diatoms, green and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Percentage composition of algal species was in order diatoms > green algae > cyanobacteria. The conventional water treatment operations lead to the average removal of algae in the ratio of 92 %, 87%, and 77% for diatoms, green and cyanobacteria, respectively. Algal composition of the treated water was subjected to a wide variation after sedimentation and sand filtration. A relative increase in the percentage composition of green algae and cyanobacteria was recorded. Change in algal composition after water treatment operations reflects the wide variation in algal structure and their community.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
150
158
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114059_73e0491614d8f86d0a88f25e2dbdb006.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114059
BIOSORPTION OF CD2+, CU2+, NI2+, ZN2+ AND CR6+ CATIONS BY GREEN ALGA SCENDESMUS OBLIQUUS
Alia
El-Shimy
Department of botany, women's college, Ain shams university, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
Experiments were conducted comparing the individual removals of cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium from water via biosorption using Scendesmus obliquus, a common green alga. The goal was to characterize the biological treatment of water contaminated with heavy metals using life aquatic species and the effect of different concentrations of these metals on chlorophyll a content. In addition, experiments were performed to measure cell viability as a function of metal concentration and also to compare removal using living cells to nonliving ones. The data indicate that both living and nonliving cells of Scendesmus obliquus removed nearly all heavy metals from water, living alga cells significantly outperformed nonliving one in case of Cd metal removal. The alga exhibited high uptake capacities for five metal ions. Maximum Cr (VI) removal reached around 97%, Cu (II) removal was at its maximum value which reached 98.5 % of its original initial concentration, as for Cd (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II), similar removal ratios were obtained ranging between 88% and 99.4%.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
160
168
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114062_120660b2b7f4ab912b7f4b4194098049.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114062
SURVEY ON PERIPHYTIC FRESHWATER CYANOBACTERIA AND ALGAE IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN
Ahmed
El-Awamri
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Adel
Hamed
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2005
eng
During the period of February 2004 to April 2005, 74 samples from various forms of algal vegetations were collected from different periphytic freshwater habitats in Sultanate of Oman. These habitats include water streams of Aflaj systems, springs, wadis and rocky mountain regions of El-Dakhilia, Al-Dhahirah, Al-Batinah, Al-Sharquyah, and Muscat. Thirty cyanobacterial taxa were identified based on their morphological characteristics. Distribution analysis of the cyanobacterial flora in correlation with the studied areas obviously emphasized that the locality of Al-Taeen was the richest site, while localities of Bahla, Al-Hamra, Wadi Al-Moudin, Wadi Tanouf in Nazwa were the poorest sites by the diversified cyanobacterial flora. The microscopic identification of the natural assemblages of the biotopes of the studied localities indicated the presence of seventeen taxa of chlorophytes. The autecology of green algae revealed that the appearance and existence of rhizobenthic Chara canescens and the unbranched filaments of Rhizoclonium heiroglyphieum strongly confirmed the hardness of water habitats of Jalan area in Al-Sharquyah. On the other hand, water habitats of Nazwa area were found to be the suitable environments favoring the growth and dominancy of freshwater periphytic chlorophytes. Fifteen diatom taxa were identified from the investigated localities. The autecology of the identified diatom taxa of oligohalobien type (indicators for freshwater habitats), except Biddulphia laevis and Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia of mesohalobien type of salinity. This observation added strength conformity for the hardness of water of Jalan locality.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
6
v.
1
no.
2005
169
182
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114064_4608c69e9c18076d0b424151986dd7a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2005.114064