SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES IN SOUTHAMPTON WATER ESTUARY (SOUTHERN UK) ESTIMATED FROM MICROSCOPIC COUNTS AND HPLC PIGMENT CHEMOTAXONOMY
Elham
Ali
Department of Biological and Geological sciences, Faculty of Education (El-Arish), Suez Canal University, Egypt.
author
Duncan
Purdie
School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton UK.
author
Arantha
Iriarte
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country in Bilbao, Spain
author
text
article
2009
eng
Phytoplankton biomass and community structure in Southampton Water estuary (on the south coast of the UK) have been investigated. Inter-annual changes in chlorophyll a coupled with changes in total carbon biomass have been analysed in 2004 and 2005 (during the productive period of the estuary). HPLC method has been also used to measure chlorophyll a and other accessory pigments that help, as quantitative biomarkers, to provide information on changing phytoplankton dynamics in such a highly dynamic estuary. Microscopy and chemotaxonomy give a high level of agreement phytoplankton characterization along the estuary; however, some limitations are present in both techniques. HPLC derived chlorophyll a showed a good correlation with the total phytoplankton biomass during the sampling period although it was underestimated in some samples.Fucoxanthin showed a strong correlation with total diatom biomass however high chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom time affected this relationship. Similar finding was obtained for peridinin and Dinoflagellates. Although, Cryptomonas sp. was recorded in some samples, no correlation was detected between its biomass and alloxanthin concentration due to microscopic confusion with small flagellates that were numerically abundant at the same time. Peaks in alloxanthin were, however, coincided with peaks in the biomass of the autotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. By relating the biomass of specific phytoplankton groups to their corresponding biomarker pigment, the dominance of diatoms (fucoxanthin and chlorophyll c1+c2) in spring and dinoflagellates (peridinin) in summer was established. Dinoflagellates as well as ciliates were found to grow better in the intermediate sites along the estuary. Combining the pigments together to give diagnostic indices shows a very similar pattern to that of Chl a as well as carbon biomass microscopically detected. Diagnostic pigment indices (represented as microplankton, picoplankton and nanoplankton) confirmed the previous finding that phytoplankton species succession in Southampton Water started with diatoms and followed by flagellates/ciliates and then dinoflagellates.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
1
22
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114838_9e8cf7036aed8fa157e7b300a6f2a8db.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114838
EFFECT OF SOME HEAVY METALS ON GROWTH OF SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS (TURPIN) KÜTZING
Rawheya
Salah El Din
Botany & Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al Azhar Univ. (Girl Branch).
author
Fatma
Gharib
Botany Depart. Fac. of Sci., Helwan Univ.
author
Safeya
Ghazy
Botany Depart. Fac. of Sci., Helwan Univ.
author
Emad
Johny
Collège de la Salle- Frères-Daher.
author
text
article
2009
eng
The effect of concentrations of copper (0.5, 1.5 mg l-1), lead (10, 40, mg l-1) and zinc (0.05 and 0.5 mgl-1) singly or in combination on growth of Scenedesmus obliquus was studied. The results showed that there is a difference between the effects of each metal singly and in combinations with each others. Generally, heavy metals decreased the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus. High concentration of copper uptake exceeds its uptake in low concentration (58 and 42%, respectively). While the uptake of lead and zinc in low concentrations exceeds their uptake in high concentrations with percentages of (87%, 86%, 13% and 14%, respectively). Zinc uptake in combinations was dominant over the two other metals. The effect of heavy metals on ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus by using the Transmission Electron Microscope was investigated.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
23
37
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114839_c92241308185ea1e13ade85744490e17.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114839
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF MINERAL NUTRITION AND LIGHT QUALITY ON SOME GROWTH-RELATED METABOLITES AND PIGMENTS OF TWO FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIA (CYANOPROKARYOT)
Nermin
El Semary
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
author
Safia
Ghazy
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
author
Abou El Kheir
Badawy
Fertilization Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
El Fouly
Fertilization Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mohamed
Hassoub
Fertilization Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2009
eng
The effect of mineral nutrition on growth-related metabolites and pigmentation of the filamentous Anabaena flos-aquae and Calothrix sp.PCC7601 was investigated. Key nutrients (iron, phosphorus and nitrogen) were supplied at different concentrations compared to original BG-11 growth medium. The results showed general increase of peptide nitrogen and total sugars, chlorophyll a content and phycobiliprotein pigments content with the use of double concentration of different key nutrients. The opposite was observed for most of these parameters under half and quarter the concentration of nutrients tested in both isolates. Meanwhile, carotenoids increased under half the concentration of iron and phosphorus compared to the original concentrations of BG-11 medium but decreased at quarter concentrations of the original BG-11 medium. The effect of nitrogen limitation on growth and pigments content on A. flos-aquae was overly less severe due to the ability of A. flos-aquae to compensate for limited supply of available nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. At all reduced concentrations of key nutrients, phycoerythrin pigment predominated other phycobiliprotein pigments under white light in Calothrix sp. To further investigate the effect of mineral nutrition and light quality on phycobiliprotein pigment composition, both isolates were grown under green and red monochromatic light. The highest content of phycroerythrin pigment was recorded under green light in both isolatesunder different nutrients treatments. Phycocyanin, on the other hand, pre-dominated other phycobiliprotein pigments in most of nutrients treatments placed under red light in Calothrix sp. This strain was more responsive in terms of alternating its phycobiliprotein composition than A. flos aquae in response to different nutrients concentration and change in light quality. Thus, this isolate seems to be a promising source for those pigments production. The study shows that growth manipulation using different nutrients concentrations and light qualities can result in differential expression of the phycobiliprotein pigments in some cyanobacterial strains. This can be used for mass production of these valuable pigments for biotechnological applications.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
39
57
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114840_ba60222208e4ac6eda2ec04666358938.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114840
SEASONAL VARIATION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC ALGAL EXTRACTS OF SOME DICTYOTACEAE OF BENGHAZI COASTS, LIBYA
Eisha
El-Fatimy
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya
author
Alaa
Said
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
author
Massoud
Godeh
Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya
author
text
article
2009
eng
The results evaluated the efficiency of all used algal extracts with high significant differences and could be arranged dissentingly as Dictyota linearis > Dictyota dichotoma var. dichotoma > Dictyopteris membranacea > Padina pavonica (Dictyotaceae). The methanolic used algal extracts of spring and summer were more efficient without significant difference while the algal extractions of autumn came at the second rank with significant difference. The used fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicilium parasiticus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani andCandida utilis. All of them were affected by all used algal extracts without significant difference.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
59
67
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114849_e562b26dff1985b454f6dc8f69317f93.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114849
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ULVA LACTUCA IN RESPONSE TO Cu AND Pb TREATMENTS.
Magda
El-Adl
Botany Department, Faculty of Science at Damietta, Mansoura University, Damietta, Egypt.
author
text
article
2009
eng
A comparative study of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) treatments to Ulva lactuca introduced from Damietta harbor, was conducted by examining dry weight and pigmentation, total soluble sugars, protein, ascorbate and superoxide dismutase. The lower concentrations of Cu and Pb (0.01 and 0.1 mg l-1 respectively) increased contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total soluble sugars, and also induced a strong activation of antioxidant activity in U. lactuca. However, concentration (0.1 mg l-1) of Pb exhibited a non significant change of dry weight and protein from untreated control. Whereas concentration (1 mg l-1) of both Cu and Pb induced both of enzymatic (Superoxide dismutase) and non enzymatic (Ascorbate) antioxidants, but inhibited dry weight and contents of carotenoids, protein and total soluble sugars in U. lactuca. In the other hand, chlorophylls (a and b) were induced in case Cu treatment but were inhibited in case Pb treatment at the same concentration (1mg l-1). Although, higher concentration (5 mg l-1) of both Cu and Pb seemed to be toxic and inhibited most metabolic activities, it induced enzymatic antioxidant (Superoxide dismutase). However, Cu seemed advantageous to growth and physiological responses of U. lactuca than Pb. Both heavy metals particularly at the lowest concentrations are beneficial to U. lactuca growth and for production of antioxidants.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
69
83
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114850_d4d2ce1f627e7ff98bc82951b23f99be.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114850
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL FOR BIODIESEL AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRODUCTION FROM SOME CYANOBACTERIA
Nermin
El Semary
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
author
text
article
2009
eng
The biotechnological usage of cyanobacteria as a source of clean fuel, vitamin C and bioactive compounds was investigated. Five cyanobacterial strains were screened and tested for the potential of biodiesel production and the quality of biodiesel produced. The inorganic nutritional value of the cyanobacterial strains was estimated through quantifying the strains’ mineral content as well as vitamin C content. To investigate the use of cyanobacteria as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites a phytochemical screening was conducted to test for the presence of alkaloids, flavenoids, saponins and tannins. The different analyses indicated that Aphanizomenon sp., the heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium contained highest lipid content, best biodiesel quality of more saturated and less unsaturated fatty acid composition, mineral content, vitamin C and most bioactive secondary metabolites. As a confirmation of the ability of this cyanobacterium to produce secondary metabolites, degenerate primers were used to amplify genetic loci for secondary metabolites. Multiple PCR products were obtained indicating that this isolate represents a rich bioactive compounds source. The study thereby highlights the multiple biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria in general and Aphanizomenon in particular.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
85
97
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114852_19cb0cb7f417745c36c75421f0ba470a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114852
USAGE OF SECONDARY RECOVERED SEWAGE SLUDGE FOR INTRACELLULAR LIPID ACCUMULATION TO ENHANCE BIOFUEL YIELD OF MARINE MICROALGAE
Nagwa
Mohammady
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt,
author
Scott
Lindell
Marine Resource Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
author
Christopher
Reddy
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
author
Carmichael
Carmichael
Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
author
Connie
Lau
Marine Resource Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
author
text
article
2009
eng
A laboratory study was carried out to enhance biofuel yield of marine microalgae Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri and Isochrysis sp. (clone c Iso), using an aqueous extract of secondary recovered sewage sludge (SS). In this respect, we compared the intracellular lipid accumulation in cells grown on controlled to the treated with SS cultures, both quality and quantity. The gravimetric data showed an obvious increase of total lipids in the treated cells 13.16, 1.65 and 1.8 times for T. chuii, C. muelleri and Iso. sp. respectively. In addition, the algal oil increased 16, 1.73 and 5 times in the same order. Fatty acid methyl esters of the controlled growth cultures are dominated by C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4 and C22:6. However, the treated ones showed a significant variation in the concentration of both total lipids and oil fatty acids. Moreover, some fractions are disappeared, while others are newly synthesized. The results suggest that the application of sewage sludge could enhance the accumulation of algal lipid, oil, and improve the quality of biofuel produced.
Egyptian Journal of Phycology
The Egyptian Phycological Society
1110-8649
10
v.
1
no.
2009
99
107
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114855_f19deef01b52c4a7371db4196b48db2a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/egyjs.2009.114855