ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of spirugenic iron oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori
In the present study, spirugenic iron oxide nanoparticles (SIONs) were biosynthesized using a new simple, expeditious and benign approach which was achieved by combining ferric chloride with Spirulina platensis water extract. SIONs were inspected using UV spectroscopy on 290nm. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) recorded rod-shaped particles with an average width of 31.04 nm and length 137.51nm. X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) showed a cubic spinel phase of γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite). Furthermore, SIONs exhibited good antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori. Our study demonstrated that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SIONs against multidrug resistant (MDR) H. pylori was 3.1 µg/ml. TEM image showed the cell rupture of H. pylori indicating fragmented cell membrane and leakage of bacterial components in those culture treated by SIONs. Cytotoxic activity test revealed that SIONs have no adverse effect on human epithelial cell line so it may be used safely as a natural product. The use of S. platensis as a nanofactory for the IONs synthesis could have a great role in the treatment of H. pylori infection in the future.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116018_be4eb2583bb27e01ac57e2b00757b866.pdf
2019-12-30
1
28
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116018
H. pylori
Iron oxide nanoparticles
S. platensis
green biotechnology
antibacterial resistance
Sherin
Sharaf
1
Microbiology Department-National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Heba
Abbas
2
Microbiology Department-National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Tarek
Ismaeil
3
Microbiology Department-National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Achmadi S.S. and Tri-Panji S. (2000). Pemanfaatan limbah lateks pekat sebagai media pertumbuhan ganggang mikro Spirulina platensis pemghasil asam γ-linoleat. Bogor, Unit Penelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan, Laporan Riset Unggulan Terpadu (RUT)V,1997-1999. 32.
1
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3
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spatial and temporal variations in the nutritional composition of some seaweeds from the Red Sea, Egypt
Spatial and seasonal variations in the nutritional composition of the dominant seaweed species were assessed at three sites during 2017 from Hurghada and Safaga of the Red Sea coast. Results showed that six species were dominant and had the highest coverage during the study period. The proximate composition of these seaweeds showed a significant difference among sites and seasons and the correlation with the environmental parameters were established. Fibers content of the tested seaweeds were higher and varied among the sites and seasons (26.5-53.5 % dry wt.). Available carbohydrates levels (8.4-25.3 % dry wt.) were positively correlated with seawater temperature, pH value and salinity. Total soluble protein of these seaweeds was varied significantly between seasons (3.2-8.3 % dry wt.) with the highest values in winter while there is no significant difference between the sites. The protein levels were positively correlated with dissolved nitrate and silicate but negatively correlated with water temperature. Total lipid content of the tested seaweeds was varied between 1.1 % dry wt. in winter and 0.6 % dry wt. in spring. It was significantly correlated with nitrite and pH value, while ash content was not varied among the sites and seasons.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116019_7daab15dd97727af02a6d407764532b1.pdf
2019-12-30
29
50
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116019
Red Sea Seaweeds
Spatial and seasonal variations
nutritional composition
Environmental parameters
Islam
El-Manawy
1
Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Suez Canal University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Nassar
2
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
AUTHOR
Sarah
Rashedy
3
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
AUTHOR
Aguilera-Morales M., Casas-Valdez M., Carrillo-Domı´nguez S., Gonsa´lez-Acosta B. and Pe´rez-Gil F. (2005).Chemical composition and microbiological assays of marine algae Enteromorpha sp. as a potential food source. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 18, 79–88.
1
Aleem, A.A. (1978).A preliminary list of algae from Sierra Leone. Bot. Mar. 21, 397-399.
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6
Banerjee K., Ghosh R. Homechaudhuri S. and Mitra A. (2009).Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of red seaweed (Catenella repens) from Gangetic delta, northeast coast of India. J. Earth Syst. Sci. 118, 497–505.
7
Carrillo-Domínguez, S., M.M. Casas-Valdéz, F. Ramos-Ramos, F. Pérez-Gil and I. Sánchez-Rodríguez. (2012).Algas marinas de Baja California Sur, México: Valor nutrimental. Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. 52, 400–405.
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Dawczynski, C., Schubert R and Jahreis G. (2007).Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem., 103, 891–899.
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El Shoubaky, G. A. and Kaiser, M. A. (2014). Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Seaweeds Variation Using Remote Sensing Data in Al-Shoaiba Coast, Red Sea. British Journal of Environment & Climate Change. 4(4), 409–422.
11
El-Manawy, I.M., Hamdy A. A., El-Deek, M. S., and Mohammed, A. A. (2000).Seasonal variations in iodine content of some seaweeds from the great Bitter Lake, Egypt. Bull. Fac. Sci., Assiut Univ., 29, 199-209.
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Ibraheem, B. M., Alharbi, R. M, Abdel-Raouf, N. and Al-Enazi, N. M. (2014).Contributions to the study of the marine algae inhabiting Umluj Seashore, Red Sea. Beni -suef university journal of basic and applied sciences, 3, 278-285.
19
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20
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21
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23
Marinho-Soriano E., Fonseca P.C., Carneiro M.A.A and Moreira W.S.C. (2006).Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of two tropical seaweeds. Bioresource Technology 97, 2402–2406.
24
Moubayed, N. M. S., Al Houri, H. J., Al Khulaifi, M. M., and Al Farraj, D. A., (2017). Antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical composition of seaweeds collected from Saudi Arabia (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 24, 162–169.
25
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26
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30
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Safe technological trend towards the production of bioethanol from algal biomass grown on rice straw
As a result of rapid growth in the population and manufacturing, the demand for ethanol is increasing continuously in worldwide. Because, biofuels produced from first and second-generation became unable to meet the international demand of bioethanol because of their needed value for food and feed. So, algae are among the most important sources of potential biofuels in the future of renewable energy because of accumulating high cellulose and also algae are distributed widely in the natural environment. This paper shows the ability of algae for bioethanol production, by pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of algal biomass. Two types of algae, Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis were cultured under pre-treated rice straw with advantages as crop residues, a low-cost and carbon-rich source for algal cultivation. The chemical hydrolysates of rice straw (RS) were used for heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis for bioethanol production. Algal biomasses of the two microalgae were treated chemically with 4% H2SO4 at 121°C in autoclave for 90 min, followed by biological treatment with Bacillus subtilis for 72 hours at 30°C and pH 4.5 to increase the reducing sugars production. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 72 hours and distillation of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis solutions were resulted in ethanol productivity of 8.7% and 2.5 % respectively after 24 hours at 30°C and pH 4.5.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116020_e8f337a00247c7c5366896434c138b89.pdf
2019-12-30
51
83
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116020
rice straw
Bioethanol
Chlorella Vulgaris
Arthrospira platensis
saccharification
fermentation
Ahmed
El-Gamal
ahmed46da@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Fawzy
Khedr
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Eman
Tohamy
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Abouelwafa
4
Egyptian Ministry of Environment, Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Agwa, O.K., Ibe, S.N. and Abu, G.O. (2012). Economically Effective Potential of Chlorella sp. for Biomass and Lipid Production. Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology Resource, 2, 34-45.
1
Al-Lwayzy, H.S., Yusaf, T. and Al-Juboori, R.A. (2014). Biofuel from Fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris [FWM-CV] for Diesel Engines. Energies, 7, 1829-1951.
2
Anwar, Z., Gulfraz, M., Asad, M.J., Imran, M., Akram, Z., Mehmood, S., Rehman, A., Anwar, P. and Sadiq, A. (2012). Bioethanol productions from rice polish by optimization of dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11,992-998.
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Castro, Y.A., Ellis, J.T., Miller, C.D., Sims, R.C. (2015). Optimization of wastewater microalgae saccharification using dilute acid hydrolysis for acetone, butanol, and ethanol fermentation. Applied Energy 140, 14–19.
6
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12
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16
Eshaq, F.S., Ali, M.N. and Mohd, M.K. (2011). Production of bioethanol from next generation feed-stock alga Spirogyra species. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 3(2), 1749–1755.
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Sibi, G. (2015). Low Cost Carbon and Nitrogen Sources for Higher Microalgal Biomass and Lipid Production Using Agricultural Wastes. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 8 (3): 113-121.
19
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81
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lipid production and molecular studies of Anabaena torulosa treated with different types of stress
Lipid production in terms of oil percentage and fatty acid composition of Anabaena torulosa which was identified morphologically and genetically was studied to determine its ability for biodiesel production, in response to salinity, nitrogen and phosphorus starvation stress; salinity ranging from 50 to 250mM NaCl, nitrogen and phosphorus regime (50%, NO3-N , 50% PO4-P of BG11 media). The results indicated that there was change in physiological behavior under these different stresses and illustration of these differences genetically. The results of oil analysis revealed that the lipid production increased when nitrogen and phosphorus decrease (68.83% and 160.97% respectively) and 200mM of NaCl increase oil content by 120%. GC/MS analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that methyl linoleate is the main constituent of fatty acids ester 57.9% which classified as a biodiesel due to its long methyl ester chain and is also used as a fuel in standard diesel engines. All these results explained genetically by using RAPD technique which revealed new bands appeared and other bands disappeared. DNA sequence was changed leading to DNA polymorphism 41.25%. Also, the DNA pattern indicated that stress of nitrogen and phosphorus were more related to control, while the other stresses (salinity and combined stresses) caused more changes comparing to control. So that stress changes in physiology was confirmed genetically.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116023_a7310f1c2ec0816039d1784257c10d21.pdf
2019-12-30
84
101
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116023
Anabaena torulosa
Lipid
fatty acids
salinity
RAPD
Olfat
Salem
1
Botany and microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ibtisam
Hammad
2
Botany and microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Fatma
Badea
3
Botany and microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Nagui
Abdel Khalek
4
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Khaled
Selim
5
Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Allen, M.M. (1968).Simple conditions for growth of unicellular blue-green algae. Journal of Phycology, 4:1-4.
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biodiesel production and nutrient removal by microalgae cultured on poultry waste
Microalgae are a potential feedstock for a vast renewable products and different applications in biotechnology. This investigation of using poultry waste extracts for growing Anabaena, Chlorella and mixed culture of both showed that 5 g/L poultry waste extract was the most probable concentration for enhancing growth and lipid production. Percentage increase in lipid content over control (BBM) was (94.2, 56.4 and 28.8 %), biomass productivity was (31.61, 51.86 and 42.04 mg/L/day) and lipid productivity was (4.59, 10.53 and 6.94 mg/L/day) for Anabaena, Chlorella and mixed culture respectively. The role of microalgae in bioremediation of poultry waste was effective, maximum reduction percentage of NH3 was (84.07%) whereas it was (80.41%) for phosphorus. Microwave pretreatment of harvested cells increased the lipid content to 17.6% in Anabaena, 31% in Chlorella and 23% for mixture. Lipid extraction, esterification, GC-Ms analysis for fatty acid profile, showed that saturated fatty acids in Chlorella andalgal mixture were higher than their corresponding controls. Cetane number of the produced biodiesel was ranged from (53.7 to 56.4) while iodine value was ranged from (63.5 to 88.4). This study revealed that poultry waste extract can be used as a promising ecofriendly microalgae medium for high production of biomass and lipid which in turn produce high quality biodiesel meet the international standards biodiesel.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116024_c14271a77bfba0c1bf0c84fb048e1d1a.pdf
2019-12-30
103
122
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116024
Biodiesel
bioremediation
Poultry
Pretreatment
microalgae
waste
Effat
Shabana
effat.shabana@sci.cu.edu.eg
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo
AUTHOR
Fatma
Taofik
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo
AUTHOR
Hanaa
Shalaby
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abinandan, S., Subashchandrabose, S. R., Cole, N., Dharmarajan, R., Venkateswarlu, K. and Megharaj, M. (2019). Sustainable production of biomass and biodiesel by acclimation of non- acidophilic microalgae to acidic conditions. Bioresour. Technol. 271, 316–324 .
1
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2
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3
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4
Agwa, O. K. and Abu, G. O. (2014). Utilization of poultry waste for the cultivation of Chlorella sp . for biomass and lipid production Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 3(8), 1036-1047.
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using free and immobilized Cyanobacteria
An attempt has been made to study the feasibility of pharmaceutical wastewaters (laboratories waste (WI) and production waste (WII)) treatment using free and immobilized cyanobacterium Phormidium fragile. After preliminary test with different concentrations, WI showed high toxicity, only 0.5% conc. was effective while WII was used at high conc. of 40% after 10 days incubation (from growth curve experiment) in optimum growth conditions. Role of Phormidium cellsin bioremediation of pharmaceutical wastewaters was effective whereas maximum percentage removal in tested parameters were 51.56% and 58.89% for ammonia, 66.67% and 61.23% for phosphorus, 51.74% and 54.55% for COD and 37.05% and 59.85% for BOD in WI and WII respectively with respect to treatments without microalgae. N-starvation for 36 hours prior to cultivation caused increase in percentage removal of ammonia, phosphorus and COD with increase in algal dose than unstarved cells, 100%, 100% and 72.56% for WI and 87.28%, 100% and 71.98% for WII, respectively with 40 ml algal dose. It was found that 2500 lux and 25 ºC were the best for nutrients removal. Chlorophyll a, dry weight, protein and total carbohydrate contents were also estimated. During this study, pH levels increased and remained in the range 7.3 to 9.1. Significant removal of ammonia, phosphorus and COD were observed in algal alginate beads treatments than blank beads. Starvation before immobilization recorded the highest removal percentage when compared to unstarved beads or free cells in both wastes types and their mixture (1:1). When starved and unstarved Phormidium beads were incubated in WI, WII and a mixture of both in a semi-continuous system for five consecutive cycles (10 days each), there was increase in nutrients percentage removal up to the third cycle. Microalga in the beads survived long enough which gives a promise to upgrading immobilization technique for wastewater treatment with low cost.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116025_8cdc3862b7905b73834fe59865eef7ef.pdf
2019-12-30
123
154
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116025
Cyanobacteria
Phormidium
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Starvation
Immobilization
alginate beads
E.
Shabana
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
H.
Senousy
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
E.
Khourshid
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dynamic case study of phytoplankton as a result of the non-biological characteristics of water at Embaba Drinking Water Station, Giza
The results showed that water treatment negatively affected the concentration of turbidity, hydrogen ion concentration, total hardness and magnesium hardness, while concentrations were not changed or were close due to the processes of water treatment for both electrical conductivity and total dissolved salts and calcium hardness in comparison of the Nile samples and expulsion for these parameters. The result of water treatment has been fruitful in reducing concentrations or clearing concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. The results confirmed that water treatments did not affect the various cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron and manganese.
Aluminum cation may have increased as a result of the use of aluminum sulphate in water treatment.
Phytoplankton count in row and treated water from Embaba Drinking Water Treatment Plant was recorded in both Nile water and treated ones where the highest count was 2396000 and the lowest was 1818999 Unit/L in the case of row water while the highest results were195334 Unit/L and the lowest results were 30000 Unit/L in the case of treated water, respectively. Phytoplankton composition was belonged to Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae groups. The dominant diatoms were Cyclotella spp. and Melosira spp < em>.,while blue-greens were dominated by Gomphosphaeria aponina andMerismopedia tenuissima. Green algae were dominated by Ankistrodesmus falcatus and Coelastrum microporum.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116027_0c6d2faae52b537ca067cb4df4edb7bd.pdf
2019-12-30
155
182
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116027
phytoplankton
Water treatment plant
River Nile
Chlorophyceae
Cyanophyceae
diatoms
Nile samples
treated samples
A.
El-Gamal
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys).
AUTHOR
I.
Barakat
2
Biologist in central lab of Giza Company for water and wastewater, Holding Company for water and wastewater
AUTHOR
H.
Hassan
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
AUTHOR
R.
Salah El Din
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch).
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abd El-shakour, E. H., Ezzat, S. M.,Mahdy, H. M., Abo-State, M. A. and Mostafa, A. (2012).Water quality assessment of River Nile at Rosetta Branch: impact of drain discharge. Middle-east Journal of Scientific Research, 12(4): 413-423.
1
Abdel-Hamid, M. I.; Hussein, M. H. and Elshafey, S. S. (2012).Efficiency assessment of different drinking water treatment plants based on water physico-chemical characteristics, removal of the suspended algae and toxicity assessment with standard algal bioassay. The Egyptian Society of Experimental Biology, (Botany), 8(1): 1 – 15.
2
Abdel-Satar, Amal M. (2005).Water Quality Assessment of River Nile from Idfo to Cairo.Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research,31(2):200-223.
3
Abo El-lil, A.H. (2003).Evaluation the Ecological Impacts due to Unique Torrent Phenomenon on Aquatic Ecosystem (River Nile, Cairo, Egypt).Online Journal of Biological Sciences,3(2):197-203.
4
Agbaire, P.O. and Obi, C.G. (2009).Seasonal Variations of Some Physico-Chemical Properties of River Ethiope Water in Abraka, Nigeria.Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management,13(1):55-57.
5
Alaa, G. M. O. and Werner, K. (2010).Water quality and heavy metal monitoring in water, sediments, and tissues of the African catfish clariasgariepinus (burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2010(1):389-400.
6
Ali E. N. (2010). Application of Moringa seeds extract in water treatment. PhD thesis; department of biotechnology engineering, International Islamic university, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
7
Ali, E. M.; Sami, A. Sh. D.; Abdel, R. I. S. and Ahlam, S. E. (2014).Characterization of chemical water quality in the Nile River, Egypt.International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 2(3): 35-53.
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APHA-AWWA-WPCF (2005):Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21th ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC.
10
Aslan, S. and Kapdan, I. K. (2006).Batch kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater by algae, Ecology Engineer. 28(1): 64-70.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Notes on isolation of Leptolyngbya (plectonema) nostocorum capable to withstand liquid hands detergent
The pattern growth of Leptolyngbya (plectonema) nostocorum on layer of porcelain of washing basin was remarkable, such finding attracts our interest to conduct this research. Despite the unfavorable conditions, the growth of alga was not affected. It was subjected to pressure as a result of flowing of water from tap with ranges from 0.1- 7.6 liters per minute. This process is daily repeated for about 10 times a day for periods of up to 2.5 hours. The light intensity was 100 lux and the temperature ranges between 25- 30 ºC as a result of process of opening and closing the tap, respectively. In addition to the previous stress, organism has been exposing to the amount of liquid soap to wash hands as a result of daily non-stop process of human activities. Description and identification of algae has been made. Basic physical and chemical analysis of tap water has been also conducted, drinking water in Saudi Arabia is stored in underground tanks and replenished as water runs out. The analysis of the water showed that pH was alkaline (8.7) and the total soluble salts was 56.7mg/L. The total alkalinity was 28 mg/L as well as the total hardness was 18 mg/L, Calcium hardness, Magnesium hardness were 14, 4 mg/L, respectively. Calcium, Magnesium and Chloride are represented at concentrations of 5.6, 0.96 and 4 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of nitrate was 0.56 and the concentration of iron was 0.18 mg/L. For the growth curve of alga, the best growth (0.271, 2630.46 mg/L) was achieved for optical density, dry weight, respectively after 16 days of incubation. For different concentrations of the detergent, it was found that the least concentration did not have any inhibition zone to the growth of alga was 0.2%. Above this concentration, there has a steady increase in the diameter of inhibition zones.
https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_116030_9c4dbc608ee8ccc68f3ce1fbd0fe003f.pdf
2019-12-30
183
199
10.21608/egyjs.2019.116030
Analysis of the water
hands detergent
inhibition zone
Leptolyngbya (plectonema) nostocorum
Saudi Arabia
Ahmed
El-Gamal
ahmed46da@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiol. Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo, Nasr City, P.O.Box 11884, Egypt
AUTHOR
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