The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101CHANGES IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERS AND PHYTOPLANKTON STRUCTURE OF EL-SALAM CANAL IN THE WEST OF SUEZ CANAL REGION11311318710.21608/egyjs.2000.113187ENSaid A.El-AttarBiological Sciences and Geology Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams UniversityJournal Article20000920The changes in the phytoplankton size, species composition and physico-chemical characters of El-Salam Canal water (in the west of Suez Canal) compared with that of Nile water at Damietta region were studied during May 1999. Great variations in physico-chemical characters between EI-Salam Canal water and Nile water were observed due to the disposal of Bahr Hadus drain water and/or seepage of El-Manzala lake water which may reach to El-Salam Canal water. pH; E.C; phosphate-P ; nitrate-N; chloride ; sulphate ; carabonate ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Sodium and Potassium were represented with high values at all sites of El- Salam Canal which surpass those of Nile water .
The species composition of the main algal groups showed distinct variations. The dominance of algal groups at EI-Salam Canal was in the following descending divisions: Cyanophyta/ or Chlorophyta > Bacillariophyta > Euglenophyta, on the other hand the dominance of algal groups at Nile water was in the following divisions: Bacillariophyta > Cyanopkta > Chlorophyta > Euglenophyta. The values of pollution index at all sites of El-Salam Canal exceeded those of Nile water. Species diversity index was calculated.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113187_400f431d5b85812369d607f32314ecc0.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101PHYTOPLANKTON AS INDICATORS OF WATER QUALITY IN THE IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE CANALS IN WESTERN DAMIETTA-EGYPT153111319610.21608/egyjs.2000.113196ENMohamed A.DeyabBotany Department, Faculty of Science at Damietta, Mansoura UniversityMamdouh M.Nemat AllaBotany Department, Faculty of Science at Damietta, Mansoura UniversityMagda F.ElAdlBotany Department, Faculty of Science at Damietta, Mansoura UniversityJournal Article20000920The monthly variations of phytoplankton composition as well as physico-chemical characteristic of irrigation and drainage canals water in Western Damietta were recorded over the year 1998, from January to December. The presence of agrochemicals has differential effects on water quality and phytoplankton population. There were 126 species of algae identified at the irrigation canal, Omm Dongol (81 Bacillariophyta, 14 Euglenophyta, 13 Chlorophyta, II Cyanophyta, 6 Dinophyta, and I Cryptophyta). The number of species at the three drainage canals, El Senania, Marssok and Gamassa, was 28, 68 and 56 species, respectively. The species at El Senania, Marssok and Gamassa were respectively identified as 14, 41, 33 Bacillariophyta, 3, 10, 5 Cyanophyta, 7, 5, 6 Euglcnophyta, 3, 7, 8 Chlorophyta, 1, 4, 2 Dinophyta, 0, I, 1 Cryptophyta and 0, 0, 1 Chrysophyta. Phytoplankton standing crop would come from the contribution of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta representing 74, 23 and 2.5%, respectively in irrigation water and of Cyanophyta in drainage water. The number of species was dependent on Bacillariophyta. Total phytoplankton biomass resulted from the considerable growth of Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta in irrigation canal and from Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta at drainage canals. Diversity index indicated that pollution level for irrigation water was slight and heavy to moderate for drainage water. Moreover, saprobic index revealed the presence of B' -mesosaprobic in irrigation water and α to α" -mesosaprobic forms of algae in drain water. In addition, compound eutrophication indicated that the nature of irrigation water was mesotrophic while drain water was eutrophic.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113196_50c865128000b93240382ce5befb5ab6.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101GLYCOALKALOIDS AFFECT PIGMENTS CONTENT OF SOME FRESH WATER ALGAE334411320010.21608/egyjs.2000.113200ENSanaa M.ShanabBotany Dept., Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza- EgyptJournal Article20000921Chlorophyll a synthesis in unicellular green, unicellular and colonial blue-green algae was simulated by moderate concentrations of both alkaloids used (solasodine and diosgenin). Chlorophyll b as well as carotenoids production was enhanced by lower concentrations of solasodine than diosgenin.<br /> Phycobilins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin) pigment production stimulated by lower solasodine and moderate diosgenin concentrations (0.004 and 0.02 %, respectively). The investigated autotrophic green and blue-green algae are more susceptible to solasodine than to its oxygen isomer diosgenin alkaloid.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113200_b4d04850dcdf0a782f4b6e0ba4b12141.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101GROWTH AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS IN SETTLED AND ACTIVATED SEWAGES455411320710.21608/egyjs.2000.113207ENMohamed S.Abdel HameedBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Beni-Suef branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt.Journal Article20000918 Algal cultures of <em>Scenedesmus obliquus</em> were grown in two different sewages (settled and activated). Both types of wastewater supported good algal production, which was comparable and even better than that found in the commercial Bristol medium. Much higher biomass production was recorded in settled sewage than activated sewage under semi-continuous culture condition. High correlation was recorded between algal growth and nutrient removal in both settled and activated sewages. The N<sup>+</sup><sub>4</sub> — N dropped faster in the settled sewage from its initial 30.5 mg/ to 3.2 and 4.6 mg/I in the batch and semi-continuous cultures, respectively, after 8 days. Some fluctuations appeared in nitrate concentrations in both sewages. The rate of removal was significantly higher in the activated sewage in all treatments, and reached about 91%, removal. The changes in phosphate concentrations were similar in both sewages. There were increases in the first two days, then decreases, especially in the semi-continuous cultures. The maximum P removal (90%) was recorded in semi-continuous cultures in settled sewage. The results of this study suggest that the semi-continuous algal culture is more suitable and efficient in wastewater treatment than the batch cultures.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113207_fa7c9f1ca1934564696951f686176fef.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD OF THE HERBICIDE BENTHIOCARB ON THE NON TARGET CYANOBACTEIRIUM, GLOEOCAPSA SP.556111321010.21608/egyjs.2000.113210ENOlaHammoudaBotany Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Beni-Suef branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt.Mohamed S.Abdel HameedBotany Department, Faculty of science, Cairo University, Beni-Suef branch, Beni-Suef, Egypt.Journal Article20000918 A variety of responses were noticed when examining the influence of the rice field herbicide benthiocarb (saturn) on <em>Gloeocapsa</em> sp. The herbicide affected growth and cellular Chl <em>a</em> content of the Cyanobacterium. This suggested investigations on some other metabolic activities. Oxygen evolution was reduced by 20-55% in response to treatment with low herbicide concentrations (4-I0 ppm, respectively). The process was time dependent. The rate of protein synthesis was highly sensitive to benthiocarb at low concentrations, whereas high concentrations caused an impairment of the protein synthesis process and a reduction in the nitrogen fixation ability of the Cyanobacterium. The results are of considerable significance, since the applied concentrations are less than normal field application.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113210_1d26592235d336c76db3f8f65506f58d.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE PIGMENT COMPOSITION OF CAULERPA PROLIFERA (FORSSKÅL) LAMOUROUX MEADOWS IN THE MAR MENOR LAGOON (SE SPAIN)637011321310.21608/egyjs.2000.113213ENMuhammad M.HegaziaDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.AngelPérez-RuzafaDepartment of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.Isabel MariaPérez-RuzafaDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense of Madrid University, 28040 Madrid Spain.María-EmiliaCandelaDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Murcia University, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.Journal Article20000920Eighteen photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids and degradation products) were separated and quantified from <em>Caulerpa prolifera</em> in a single-step procedure by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography over the period from November 1995 to October 1996.<br /> The chlorophyll <em>a</em> and chlorophyll <em>b</em>, are typical and characteristic pigments of the <em>Caulerpa prolifera</em> , appeared in a quantity very similar. In several months of the year the chlorophyll <em>b</em> appears in greater quantity than the chlorophyll <em>a</em>, especially during the months of June and July, coinciding with the greater biomass of the alga, and also with a great concentration of the carotenoid siphonein.<br /> As regards the carotenoids, it was found that violaxanthin, siphonoxanthin and neoxanthin-like were the most common carotenoids.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113213_0a0224e63a5b6d8942efedde90dabaa2.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ECOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GENUS CAULERPA FROM THE EGYPTIAN RED SEA COASTS718611321910.21608/egyjs.2000.113219ENIslam M.El-ManawyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMagda A.ShafikBiology Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20000922Ten species of the tropical genus, <em>Caulerpa</em>, have been investigated in 29 sites on the Egyptian Red Sea coasts during the period of 1994-1999. These were <em>C. fastigiata</em> Montagne, <em>C. lentillifera</em> J. Agardh. <em>C.</em> <em>mexicana</em> (Sonder) J. Agardh, <em>C. racemosa</em> (Forsskål) J. Agardh, <em>C. peltata</em> Lamouroux, <em>C. scalpelliformis</em> (R. Braun) C. Agardh, <em>C. serrulata</em> (Forsskål) J. Agardh, <em>C. sertularioides</em> (Gmelin) Howe, <em>C. taxifolia</em> (Vahl) C. Agardh, and <em>C. webbiana</em> Montagne. The study describes how their morphology and growth vary along the gradient of habitat conditions. An identification key, original descriptions, illustrations and biogeographical data are also added.<br /> The locality type of the species is the Indian Ocean. <em>C. racemosa</em> and <em>C.</em> <em>serrulata</em> are the most common, while other species were frequent or rare, forming small dense patches where appeared. Six of the identified species were found in the Suez Canal, three of which overrunning the eastern Mediterranean. <em>C. serrulata</em> seems to prefer habitat of open waters, and thus may be excluded from migration through the canal.<br /> The species of <em>Caulerpa</em> prefer growing on sand or mud, dominating several photophilic and sciaphilic biotopes in the infralittoral, frequently inhabiting the littoral zone where the bottom never exposed to air. When found on hard substrates, the species inhabited the area covered by a layer of sand. The length of rhizoids seems to be dependent upon the depth of sand in which the plant anchored. Successful growth of species was observed in nutrient rich bottoms, and sites protected from waves. The variability in species morphology in relation to habitat conditions is evident and reflects differences in light.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113219_9e7661731ae2d886d5d447396d0fe8e4.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101EFFECT OF GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SOME METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF THE GREEN ALGA CHLORELLA KESSLERI (CHLOROPHYTA)879711322410.21608/egyjs.2000.113224ENEL-Sheekh M.EL-SheekhBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20090924The toxic effects of glyphosate herbicide on growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and amino acids contents by the fresh water green alga <em>Chlorella</em> <em>kessleri</em>, were determined. The lower concentrations 5 and 10 mM were not severely toxic to the alga. However, the higher concentrations 15 and 20 mM exerted more toxicity effects. Algal growth, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll contents were not affected severely by low concentrations, while high concentrations (20 mM), inhibited growth parameters by about 50%. The addition of the aromatic amino acids, phenyl alembic, tryptophane and tyrosine to the growth media recovered the growth by about 34% during the incubation period. The amino acids content of the control, 20 mM-treated and 20 mM-treated in addition to the aromatic amino acids were estimated and compared. The results also showed that the addition of the aromatic amino acids to the alga treated with 20 mM glyphosate, recovered the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids and also the other amino acids.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113224_edf194366bc71e4a00d89d68b3dadf1d.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ROLE OF SOME CYANOPHYTA (CYANOBACTERIA) IN ENHANCEMENT OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS9910611322610.21608/egyjs.2000.113226ENAhmed D.EI-GamalBotany & Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci, Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo.Mokhtar S.AmmarBotany & Microbiology Dept., Fac. of Sci, Al-Azhar Univ., Cairo.Usama M.Abd El-RaoufBotany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit.Taher M.TabaBotany Dept., Fac. of Sci., Al-Azhar Univ., Assuit.Journal Article20000918The current study was performed to assess the effect of nitrogen-fixing (Cyanobacteria), isolated from Egyptian soil to improve and enhance natural poorly sandy soil. Four cyanobacterial species were isolated & identified as <em>Anabaena variabilis</em>, <em>Nostoc paludosum</em>, <em>N. entophytum</em> & <em>N</em>. sp. Z-medium proved the satisfied results giving the best growth within 50 days among other media. Bacteria free cultures were obtained, as the combination of chlorine water & mercuric chloride method was the most effective method used. Cyanobacterial growth was followed by determination of dry weight, acetylene reduction activity and total nitrogen. Algal species were inoculated separately to sandy soil allowed them growing .Physical and chemical characteristics of treated soil were determined. The results showed that the inoculation of different algal species to soil caused a significant enhancement in both physical and chemical properties of soil.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113226_d49b49683291a1b1adc69c3a58f562dc.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE SOIL ALGAE OF WADI ALLAQI BIOSPHERE RESERVE AREA IN SOUTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT.10711911322810.21608/egyjs.2000.113228ENAhmed M.EI-OtifyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan 81528 Egypt.Usama A.MahalelDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan 81528 Egypt.Journal Article20000920First comprehensive data on the floristic composition of the soil algae in relation to edaphic factors in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve were recorded during 1996-7. Twenty-four species of soil algae belonging to 15 genera and three divisions <em>viz</em>., Cyanophyta (15 species), Chlorophyta (six species) and Racillariophyta (three species) were isolated and identified. Among them, 13 species; <em>Lyngbya allorgei Microcystis pulverea</em>, <em>Oscillatoria pseudogeminata</em>, <em>Phormidium foveolarum</em>, <em>Phormidium subfuscum</em>, <em>Schizothrix calcicola</em> (Cyanophyta); <em>Bracteacoccus cohaerens</em>, <em>Gloeococcus minutissimus</em>, <em>Keratococcus bicaudatus</em>, <em>Muriella terrstris</em>, <em>Pseudococcomyxa simplex</em> (Chlorophyta); <em>Navicula cincta</em> and <em>Navicula rhyncocephala</em> (Bacillariophyta) were recorded for the first time in the soils of Upper Egypt.
Some physico-chemical characteristics of the soil correlated significantly with the number of species and total counts of soil algae. However, no significant correlation were noticed between the soil algae and soil texture.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113228_a08485cc5e9f999902a1fc3506bebd7e.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101EARLY WARNING ON THE BLOOMING OF PHYTOPLANKTON INHABITING LAKE NASSER-TOSHKA AREA MONITORED BY REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY12113211323010.21608/egyjs.2000.113230ENAdel F.HamadBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo , EgyptJournal Article20000918Landsat 7 Thematic Mapper data of March, 25, 2000 based on GIS were used to track and monitor of phytoplankton blooms in Lake Nasser - Toshka area. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the maximum likelihood classification algorithms wereapplied to separate different land use types. The spatial data analysis together with the ground reference studies weresignificantly revealed the distribution pattern of bloom - forming cyanobacteria of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa </em>f. <em>flos</em> <em>aquae </em>(wittr.) Elenk., <em>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae </em>(Lemm.) Ralfs ex Borb. et Flah. and detected the spectral signatures of the euhydrophytes intermingled with phytoplankton. The spring and summer blooming of cyanobacteria was correlated with physico-chemical characteristics of water. Ecologically, the cyanobacterial species have adverse effects through producing toxic compounds. In conclusion, this paper gives an early warning on the spatial distribution of toxic cyanobacterial species which will be used as the first trial inventory for future multitemporal studies.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113230_86f26505312e9341640f1b556e6e6c8d.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON IMPACT OF THERMAL POLLUTION ON ALGAL VEGETATION IN FRONT OF ELARISH POWER PLANT13314111323210.21608/egyjs.2000.113232ENGehan A.EI-ShoubakyBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education,
Suez Canal University, ElArish, Egypt.Journal Article20000923The ecological survey of the algal vegetation at ElArish coast ( ̴ 30 Km) was recorded for the first time at spring 2000. Ninety species of marine algae were identified from eight stations, extending between ElRisa (eastward) and ElZaranik (westward). Sixteen species of green algae, 4 species of brown algae, 13 species of red algae, 10 species of blue-greens and 46 species of diatoms were recorded. The power plant exerted negative effect on the nature of the surrounding area. It caused obvious corrosion of the sandy shore in front of the power plant. Warm effluents at the outlet led to complete disappearance of seaweeds however; excessive growth of the tolerant species of diatoms and blue-green algae was noticed. Twenty-nine species (24 diatoms. 5 blue-greens) had been recorded only from the cooling water station.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113232_182c5322c4ac3be757eac0986aa0c010.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101EFFICIENCY OF ALUM AND LIME-ALUM TREATMENTS FOR REMOVING TOXIC AND NONTOXIC PHYTOPLANKTON FROM THE NILE RIVER WATER: LABORATORY STUDY14315011323410.21608/egyjs.2000.113234ENZakaria A.MohamedDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science,
South Valley University, Saw, 82524, EgyptJournal Article20000920No phytoplankton should be present in treated drinking water because of their production for bad smell and toxins that may pose hazards to animals and human upon consuming this water. This study describes the efficiency of alum and lime-alum treatments for removing phytoplankton from the Nile river water used as a source of drinking water in Egypt. The results showed that alum could not precipitate all phosphate nor coagulate waterblooms-forming cyanobacteria present in the water sample. Conversely, lime-alum treatment precipitated much more phosphate than alum did, and coagulated all phytoplankton present in the water samples including those could not be coagulated by alum. Furthermore, lime-alum treatment did not change the pH of the water during all the experiment period. Hence, it is advisable that lime-alum be used instead of alum during water treatment process in Egypt.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113234_f40ca0d2db0aaca4ed6b3f318e34a694.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101EFFECT OF SALINITY ON THE FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA DURING EXPONENTIAL AND STATIONARY GROWTH PHASES15115511323710.21608/egyjs.2000.113237ENNagwa G.MohammadyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20000918The total fatty acids of <em>Nannochloropsis oculata </em>grown under optimum growth conditions and different salinity grades ranged from 25%<sub>o</sub>, to 45%<sub>o</sub> during both exponential and stationary growth phases were analysed using Gas liquid chromatography (GIC). During the exponential growth phase, the domenant fatty acids were monounsaturated chains, while during the stationary growth phase, the acids were saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated long chains. The optimum salinity for the production of the essential polyunsaturated C<sub>18</sub> andC<sub>20</sub> components forthe fish larvae was 45%<sub>o</sub> during the stationary growth phase.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113237_60ba24cc58205b80d379b36e55ab8427.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101PNITROGEN-FIXING ABILITIES OF SOME CYANOBACTERIA IN SANDY LOAM SOIL AND EXUDATE EFFICIENCY ON RICE GRAIN GERMINATION15716711324010.21608/egyjs.2000.113240ENHanan H.OmarBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University. Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20000920Cyanobacterial collections (eleven strains) have been used to screen their growth and nitrogen fixing abilities in both sterile and non-sterile soils under different incubation periods. The effects of cyanobacterial exudates on germination of rice grains were also investigated. The maximum growth of cyanobacteria represented by their biomass was recorded for <em>Nostoc rivulare </em>and <em>Nostoc </em><em>microscopicum </em>after 60 day old cultures in sterile soil. However, in non-sterile soil, the greatest biomass was detected for <em>Calothrix brevissima, Nostoc </em><em>microscopicum</em><em>; </em>and <em>Nostoc carneum </em>at the same incubation period. The most potent strains for nitrogen fixation in sterile soil <em>were Anabaena </em><em>variabilis, Nostoc spongiaeforme </em>and <em>Nostoc linckia </em>after 90 days of incubation. Meanwhile, <em>Nostoc </em><em>muscorum </em>and <em>Calothrix brevissima </em>recorded the highest values of nitrogen fixation in non-sterile soil at the same incubation period. Pretreatment of rice grain with cyanobacterial exudates of <em>Nostoc </em><em>linckia</em><em>, Nostoc muscorum </em>and <em>Anabaena </em><em>flos-aquae </em>stimulated the germination by 25, 14 and 10%, respectively. The results revealed that nitrogen-fixing abilities and rice grain germination appeared to be strain-specific. Moreover, the persistence of <em>Nostoc muscorum </em>and <em>Calothrix</em><em> brevissima </em>in non-sterile soil for 90 days with a maximum activities indicate that both of them can be used as non-indigenous strains.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113240_a7e0f5a7b216c0f48cf42e64bbfa4f12.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101STEROLS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF CHAROPHYTES IN RELATION TO SOME OTHER GREEN PLANTS16918011324210.21608/egyjs.2000.113242ENNagwa G.MohammadyBotany Department, Faculty of Science. Alexandria University, EgyptAbd El-FattahKhalefaBotany Department, Faculty of Science. Alexandria University, EgyptSami H.ShaalanBotany Department, Faculty of Science. Alexandria University, EgyptEman M.Abd El-SalemBotany Department, Faculty of Science. Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20000920Sterols and fatty acids composition of some members of green algae were analysed as tools for chemotaxonomy. Nearly from the orders of green algae, at least a representative member was chosen as a basic model for the order. Some bryophytan members were also studied for convenience. Owing to the debatable systematic position of <em>Vaucheria </em>it was also chosen and analysed together with the members of Chlorophyta.
The data obtained suggested an obvious relation between members of <em>Chara </em>and chlorophytes rather than between members of <em>Chara </em>andbryophytes. Members of <em>Chara </em>might be therefore considered to be green algae under a separate order <sup>“</sup>Charales”, at the top of the orders in the green algae of the division of Chlorophyta. The results stand strongly against the idea that members of charophytes must be elevated to the rank of class or phyla. The data proved also that the sequence of the top three orders in Chlorophyta must be arranged as follows: Conjugales, Siphonales & Charales. Finally <em>Vaucheria </em>was found to be distant from Chlorophyta.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113242_8e3a0f2c67f5e04d3f283ac03b39caea.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, COLONIAL FORMATION AND GROWTH CHARACTERS OF DESMODESMUS SPINOSUS AND SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS18119311324810.21608/egyjs.2000.113248ENHesham M.ShafikBotany Department, Faculty Of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian. Academy of Science.
Tihany, HungaryJournal Article20000918<em>Desmodesmus spinosus </em>isolated from Lake Balaton (Hungary) and <em>Scenedesmus obliquus </em>isolated from the Nile water (Egypt) were studied in continuous cultures at 25 °C and light intensity of 210 µmol m<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> s<sup>-l</sup> under different growth rates. At the steady states abundance, dry weight, chlorophyll-a, morphology and dimensions of cells were measured. The maximum growth rate was 2.78 ±10.1 and 0.93 ±0.01 d<sup>-l</sup> and the half saturation constant of growth was 7.18 ±11.0 µP l<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> and 53.76 ±17.4 µg N l<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> for <em>D. spinosus </em>and <em>S obliquus, </em>respectively. The cell volume and cell morphology varied with the growth rate. Cell size and chlorophyll content per cell or per cell volume increased with growth rate. Both species were isolated as a 4-celled coenobium and at time of isolation identified as <em>D. spinosus </em>and S <em>obliquus. </em>The 4-celled coenobia completely disappeared and only unicells algae were observed at low dilution rates. Rising of growth rate formed two-celled and/or 4-celled coenobia. At growth rates near or close to the maximum growth rate only four-celled coenobia (spiny in case of D. <em>spinosus) </em>were found in the culture vessels and they had form and dimensions the same as that found at the time of isolation. At low growth rates the morphological characters of formed unicells may overlap where the limiting nutrient concentration was very low. The plasticity of both species may depend on the growth and environmental conditions and it may cause misidentification for these species in natural samples.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113248_6276c14d9e9d5ed13e87cdf953e7ba2a.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALGOSPHERE AND FREE WATER BACTERIA IN SOLAR LAKE (SINAI)19520111325410.21608/egyjs.2000.113254ENMohamed S.AlyAgric. Microbiology Dept.., NRC., Cairo, EgyptMohamed M.NagibMyco-toxin Lab., N.R.C., Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20000920Cyanobacterial mats of solar lake were followed up during the four seasons of a year 1997 through daylight and night. Also, the free water microorganisms groups related to soil fertility were followed included: Total colony counts, asymbiotic-N-fixers, nitrifying bacteria, sulphur-oxidizing and reducing bacteria. The ratio between total phytoplanktons and bacteria in water was calculated as indicator for biological activity in the Solar Lake
The obtained results showed that there are a positive correlation between the counts of free water bacteria and phytoplanktonic mass in the lake. The highest bacterial counts were recorded during day time of spring season. The ratio of algosphere to free water bacteria was generally more than one, reached highest value beginning of stratification period (autumn season). On the other hand at the highest figure of total aerobic bacterial counts and the lowest figure was recorded by sulphur reducing bacteria.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113254_82e7bc508bf37a3fa5d4352e4783d984.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PHYTOPLANKTON IN CLOSED LAKES OF WADI-EL-NATRON20321011325510.21608/egyjs.2000.113255ENMohamed S.AlyAgic. Microbiology Dept., National Research Center., Cairo. EgyptJournal Article20000919Ecological study was carried out on the four closed Lakes Located at Wadi-El-Natroun. Behera Governorate. Water samples were collected during the four seasons of a year. Physical properties of water in the four lakes were measured in situ, while the other chemical and phytoplanktons determinations of the four lakes were carried out at N.R.C.
Considering the chemical properties of the four lakes under study: pH was alkaline. Alkalinity was different for the different seasons in the four Lakes; the volume of water body never dries up in Humra and Gaar Lakes while dried completely in El Beida Lake at summer season. The nitrogen forms in water of these closed lakes were relatively higher, as ammonia and nitrate was high reached maximum in EI-Khadra and El Gaar Lakes.
The obtained results showed that the highest total count of phytoplankton was found in ElKhadra Lake., followed by EI-Oida lake then EI-Gaar lake, and it was higher in the winter and autumn. Diatoms were the dominant phytoplanktons in El-Gaar and El-Oida Lake, while bluegreen-algae were dominant in El-Khadra Lake.
The N<sub>2</sub>-fixing blue green alga <em>Spirulina sp. </em>was dominant in El-Khadra closed lake, with high tolerance to salt stress, as well as high content of crude protein and low content of heavy metals. This organism can be recommended to be used as a good biofertilizer for virgin sandy soil, during its reclamation.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113255_8796c33dca165d0c9062232801aad763.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101DIATOM COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SOME AQUATIC PLANTS IN POLLUTED WATER COURSES, NILE DELTA.21122411325710.21608/egyjs.2000.113257ENMona MGaballahBotany Department, Faculty of Science (Ismailia), Suez Canal University.Hussain E.TouliabahBotany Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams UniversityMamdouh S.SerageBotany Department, Faculty of Science (Damietta), Mansoura University.Journal Article20000925The communities of diatoms associated with some aquatic plants in two polluted water courses in the Nile Delta were identified. Three types of hydrophytes, <em>Eichhornia crassipes </em>(Mart.) Sloms, & <em>Pistia stratiotes </em>L. as floating hydrophytes; <em>Ceratophyllum demersum </em>L<em>., </em>and <em>Chara </em>sp. as submerged and <em>Persicaria salicifolia </em>(Willd) (Assenov) as emergent species have been distingushed. Relationship between the microalgae and the present hydrophytes were studied.
Forty-six diatom taxa were identified and most of them can be used as indicator of freshwater pollution. <em>Bacillaria paxillifer, Gomphonema spp.. Nicschia palea, N. lorenziana, Synedra ulna,</em> <em>Navicula viridula, Cyclotella meneghiniana </em>werethe predominant species. Results indicated that pennate forms dominated the centric one. The taxonomic composition of epiphytic diatoms was more or less similar on the different plants during the investigation period. <em>Eichhornia crassipes, Ceratophyllum demersum </em>and <em>Chara sp. </em>hosted higher number of individuals of associated diatoms. However, lower numbers of individuals were recorded on the emergent species <em>P. salicifolia.</em>
The physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples were also analysed and correlations between the occurrence of diatoms and the selected plants in relation to the prevailing environmental parameters were performed. Some heavy metals like Cu and Pb exhibit highly positive correlation with the dominant diatom species as well as diversity index. Nevertheless, water temperature and NH<sub>4</sub>-N showed high negatively correlation with the total number of diatoms.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113257_2173aaeccd0c056ce3167f326b1e3fb9.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101THE IMPORTANCE OF SEVERAL NITROGEN FORMS AND SOURCES FOR PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH IN SHALLOW FRESH WATERS22523311325810.21608/egyjs.2000.113258ENJournal Article20000915Investigation of nitrogen metabolism of phytoplankton, especially their nitrogen uptake, started in the eighties concerning to the eutrophication of Lake Balaton. The experiments were carried out in two basins of the Lake and its two pollution control reservoirs (Marcali and Upper Kis-Balaton). Detailed description of these waters is given by Herodek and Vörös in this volume. Due to the low ambient concentrations of ammonium, nitrate and urea the <sup>15 </sup>N technique was the only useful method to determine the nitrogen uptake of algae. N<sub>2</sub>-fixation was measured by acetylene-reduction and the primary production by <sup>14 </sup>C method. The light dependence of nitrogen and carbon uptake was described with an exponential saturation equation and used for the calculation of surface related daily uptake. The results showed a high preference of algae for ammonium in all of the investigated waters. Its contribution to the daily nitrogen supply of phytoplankton varied between 50 - 90%. Despite its higher ambient concentrations nitrate uptake was generally less important with maximum of 40%. The interaction of ammonium and nitrate uptake demonstrated suppression of nitrate uptake at ammonium addition. After ammonium, urea was the other important nitrogen source of algae reaching up to 75% of daily nitrogen assimilation. N<sub>2</sub>- fixation was significant only at the time of high primary production and great nitrogen fixing cyanobacterial contribution. Nitrogen uptake experiments and loading data of the Lake suggest that annual external nitrogen load is one tenth of that utilised by algae. The predominant process supplying nitrogen to the phytoplankton is the regeneration of nitrogen in the water column and in the sediment.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113258_7f342d023f6e41fcc32ed4a93cdd3d07.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ALGAE AND PROGRESS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH I-Oxygen evolution and carbon fixation23524411326110.21608/egyjs.2000.113261ENAhmed M.HamadBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityMohamed A.OsmanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityRefaatAbdel-BassetBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20000917As we all know photosynthesis is the most fundamental lift process on earth. Really it is the reaction of life, since all forms of life require energy for maintenance and propagation. The solar energy is captured by green plants and then transformed into stored chemical energy in the form of a wide variety of reduced carbon compounds. In addition photosynthesis stored this solar energy for millions of years in the form of organic fossils, which are now used as fuels. Really we are not going to follow the history of photosynthesis, but to follow, as far as possible, the role of algae in progress of photosynthesis research.
Although photosynthesis has been intensively studied by scientists for hundreds of years, the mechanism of this process remained till to the middle of the twentieth century unknown. It should also be admitted that even now, we know very little about certain aspects of photosynthesis. Attempts are still going on. Using algae which could be easily and efficiently cultivated under controlled conditions, these aspects might be fully resolved.
Our work will be presented in three successive parts (Eras) hoping to succeed in scanning, at least, the most leading experiments appreciating the historical role of algae in photosynthesis.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113261_16209100862a00a4c83f0bc2b318340c.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ALGAE AND PROGRESS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH II - CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE AND O2 —FLASH YIELD AS TOOLS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH24525411326310.21608/egyjs.2000.113263ENMohamed E.H.OsmanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityAhmed M.HamadBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityRefaatAbdel-BassetBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityJournal Article20000919https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113263_52b9471299f4640b6f145312d0901902.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101ALGAE AND PROGRESS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH III- PHOTOPRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN: MECHANISM AND PROBLEMS25526511326410.21608/egyjs.2000.113264ENRefaatAbdel-BassetBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityAhmed M.HamadBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityMohamed A. H.OsmanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta UniversityJournal Article20000930Fossil fuels asenergy sources are coming, sooner or later, to end. Hence, trials to find c alternatives including chemical, photochemical and biological production of hydrogen are continually running but each of them has its problems. Hydrogen gas as a fuel is extremely fascinating not least because it is absolutely clean with water being the sole combustion product. Also, it produces the highest energy output compared with other fuels. The capability to photoevolve hydrogen has been recorded in several photosynthetic bacteria, blue green algae and algae. The basic requirements for biological hydrogen evolution can be summarized, in general terms, into an electron source and an enzyme system. Photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation have been proved to supplement electrons for proton reduction.
Almost 60 years ago, it was first observed that the anaerobically adapted unicellular alga <em>Scendesmus </em>is capable of evolving H<sub>2</sub> gas in a photochemical reaction. Since that time, algae and blue green algae are used in experiments to produce hydrogen gas on a large scale.
The major problem in the photoproduction of hydrogen is the sensitivity of the catalysing enzymes (nitrogenases and hydrogenases) to oxygen. Mother problem is that the evolved hydrogen comes out in a mixture with other gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113264_d47e015c6eecaaeda539eca13f1ccbfe.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864911 st Int. Symp. Phycol. (ISP). (21-22) Oct. 200020001101EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF NUISANCE CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS BY BIOMANIPULATION26727711326510.21608/egyjs.2000.113265ENLAJOSVÖRÖSBalaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy
of Sciences, Tihany, HungaryJournal Article20000929Eutrophication is a general problem of small and large lakes. Excessive growths of algae especially cyanobacteria in natural and man-made lakes regularly present problems for recreational. industrial and municipial users of freshwaters. In freshwaters cyanobacteria cause the most serious deterioration of waters due to their hepatotoxin and neurotoxin production. Methods of controlling algae by removal of nutrients with tertiary sewage treatment is quite expensive. Thus there is a need for algal control method that is environmentally acceptable and inexpensive. The food and feeding of silver carp <em>(Hypophthalmicthys molitrix </em>Val.) attracted significant interest in the 1970s because this fish species was considered a potential tool for controlling eutrophication. Studies in lakes, ponds and experimental enclosures led to contradictory results. In some cases silver carp decreased the phytoplankton biomass, however other studies showed that silver carp did not reduce the phytoplankton biomass. Analysis of the food ingestion and the feeding selectivity of silver carp demostrated that its food selectivity is a passive function of the filter morphology. The lower limit for available food particles is about 10 µm. A logical consequence of the above-mentioned result is that silver carp can not control the total algal biomass, but will modify the size structure of algal communities. <em>In vitro </em>experiments with digestive enzymes of this species resulted in a very fast disintegration of non-mucilaginous cyanobacteria, digestion of diatoms and cryptophytes was also effective, but mucilaginous cyanobacteria and green algae <em>(Chlorococcales) </em>proved practically indigestible. A large hypertrophic shallow reservoir (Marcali reservoir, Hungary) was stocked with 1+ fish (approximately 500 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) consisted of 80% of silver carp. Size-selective filtration of the dense silver carp population completely inhibited the growth of filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_113265_65533dd2002d8cea911a7c04e406f99b.pdf