The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230MICROCYSTINS IN RAW WATER, DRINKING WATER, AND SOME ISOLATES OF CYANOPROKARYOTES12511494910.21608/egyjs.2012.114949ENMohammad I.Abdel-HamidBotany Department, Faculty of science, University of Mansoura 35516, Mansoura, EgyptEmad H.Abdel-HalimBotany Department, Faculty of science, University of Mansoura 35516, Mansoura, EgyptYehia A.AzabBotany Department, Faculty of science, University of Mansoura 35516, Mansoura, EgyptJournal Article20120110Raw water samples of two drinking water treatment plants (named New Mansoura and Bilqas stations) were collected for a full annual cycle. Analyses of total soluble inorganic N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and Total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were carried out. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Cyanoprokaryotes and photosynthetic pigments of phytoplankton were investigated. Total microcystins of raw water supply and potable water were seasonally analyzed using ELISA. Seven Cyanobprokaryotes species were isolated, cultured under lab conditions and biomass contents of microcystin–LR and -YR were analyzed using HPLC. Physico-chemical characteristics and photosynthetic pigments displayed pronounced periodic variations. Species composition and abundance of Cyanoprokaryotes exhibited marked seasonal variation during the period of study. Cyanoprokaryotes biovolume peaked in summer at New Mansoura (214.3mm<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>) and Bilqas (161.3 mm<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-3</sup>) water treatment stations. The minimum mean biovolume of 25.2 and 30.8 mm<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-3 </sup>were recorded in winter at New Mansoura and in autumn at Bilqas station, respectively. Total microcystins in raw water maintained seasonal variations. Microcystins values were 2.2 and 2.0 µg l<sup>-1</sup> during summer at Bilqas and New Mansoura respectively. Theses values of 1µg l<sup>-1 </sup>exceeding the WHO guidelines. Total microcystins of potable water were below the WHO guideline except in summer at New Mansoura (1.2µg l<sup>-1</sup>). Microcystins in biomass of different species of Cyanoprokaryotes varied between 3.0 mg g<sup>-1 </sup>(8% LR and 92%YR) and 0.3 mg g<sup>-1 </sup>(100% LR) recorded for<em> Anabaena oryzae</em> and <em>Anabaena khannae,</em> respectively.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114949_2a2c3b7a4425449a864bb5aa1de6cea0.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230EPIPHYTIC DIATOMS AND TROPHIC STATUS OF WATER ASSOCIATION IN SUEZ CANAL, GULF OF SUEZ AND RED SEA COAST OF EGYPT264211495110.21608/egyjs.2012.114951ENMohammed A. I.DeyabFac. of Science, Botany Dept., Damietta Univ., New Damietta, P.O. Box 34517.Journal Article20120205Seasonal physicochemical analysis of sea water and epiphytic diatoms at Suez Canal (3 sites), Gulf of Suez (3 sites) and Red Sea coast of Egypt (6 sites) indicated that nutritional status of water (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon) decreased sharply downward (from Qantara to Marsa Alam). Meanwhile, the surface water salinity and water temperature increased. The total annual number of epiphytic diatom species decreased gradually from Qantara (48 species) towards El-Sharm (15 species). The most frequent diatom species belonging to genera <em>Navicula</em>, <em>Cynedra</em>, <em>Achnanthes</em>, <em>Eunotia</em>, <em>Diatoma</em>, <em>Cocconeis, Cymbella, Licmophora, fragilaria, Amphora </em>and <em>Melosira. </em>The maximum growth of epiphytic diatom (cell number and biomass) was recorded during summer, while the minimum during winter. A dendrogram of diatom communities resulted in five clusters according to temporal and trophic status of water. Water samples were mesoeutrophic at Ras Ghareib, Fayeid and Qantara during summer, with Generic Diatom Index (GDI) equals 11-12. Most water samples of cluster I and II were oligo-mesotrophic (GDIequals12-14) during spring and autumn. Oligotrophic water (GDI>14) were recorded in samples belongs to clusters IV and V while most samples are related to cluster III.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114951_c4765d7980eacf6ae89d66931aa34787.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230IMPORTANCE OF PICOPHYTOPLANKTON IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM447411495210.21608/egyjs.2012.114952ENHesham M.ShafikBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptHelgaLeitoldInstitute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, HungaryJournal Article20120312Since the rediscovery of picophytoplankton (PPP) in 1978 -1979, the information and method of studying of these living organisms have improving quickly. This review collects the most important methods for studding these tiny planktonic which play a significant role in all aquatic ecosystems. In addition to, give an over view on the results obtained on the contributions, abundant and role of these groups in different habitats and they correlation with physical, chemical and environmental parameters, such as temperature, light intensity and quality, salinity, pH, trophic state, and grazing. The development of gene sequencing, the molecular approach and phylogenetic analysis give an advanced direction to taxonomy of PPP and their relation and interactions to environmental factor, therefore the review shows the new results of this topic.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114952_7b40adbb8a6de614c3148c6236ee9b7e.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230INFLUENCE OF COMPOST TEA, AZOLLA AND YEAST ON GROWTH OF WHEAT IN SALINE SOIL759011495810.21608/egyjs.2012.114958ENAmal E.HannaSoils & Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Reda M.El – ShahatSoils & Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Mounira M.BesharaSoils & Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20120429Two field experiments were carried out to study the effect of compost tea, Azolla and yeast alone or mixed with different rates from urea fertilizers on soil properties and wheat productivity under saline soil condition in Sahl El Hossinia, El – Sharkia Governorate during two winter seasons of 2008 – 2009 and 2009 -2010. Urea rates (50 and 75 Kg N Fed<sup>-1</sup> ) . The results indicated that increasing mineral nitrogen dose of application from 50 to 75 Kg N Fed<sup>-1</sup> with compost tea led to increase the counts of total bacteria and cyanobacteria. Therefore increase, the rate of respiration and subsequently increased the amounts of evaluated CO<sub>2</sub> and also increased both dehydrogenase and nitrogenase activities. In all treatments decreased soil pH and EC as a result of improving soil physical properties and activity microorganisms compared with control treatments. The highest organic matters were obtained with application of T<sub>11</sub>, T<sub>12</sub>, T<sub>9</sub>, T<sub>10</sub> and T<sub>3</sub>. Data showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium soil content were significantly increased when application with T<sub>11 </sub>over all treatments. The highest NPK contents were 114.50, 6.18 and 245 ppm respectively. Application of treatment T<sub>12 </sub>(50 Kg N + <em>Azolla</em> + yeast + compost tea) non – significant increase in plant height with T<sub>7</sub> (75 Kg N + compost tea) and T<sub>9 </sub>(75Kg N + <em>Azolla</em> + yeast) giving 97.3, 96.60 and 99.64 cm plant<sup>-1</sup>. The treatment of compost tea addition with different levels of urea ( 75 and 50 Kg N. Fed<sup>- 1</sup> ) increased the plant high, grain yield and the weight of 1000 grains and also increased plant dry weight and straw yield compared the control ( T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> ). However, T <sub>12 treatment</sub> (50 Kg N + <em>Azolla</em> + yeast + compost tea) (485.82 /m<sup>-2 </sup>grain) giving highest recorded for all treatments accept T<sub>11 </sub>(75 Kg N + <em>Azolla</em> + yeast + compost tea) giving 499.78g / m<sub>2. </sub>The highest value T<sub>11 </sub>(1000 grain weight) was significantly higher than all tested treatments. Both of T<sub>9</sub> and T<sub>12</sub> of these high values were significantly higher than the control treatment. Higher value of P and K concentrations for wheat grain and straw were achieved with the application T<sub>11 </sub>and T<sub>9 </sub>treatments than the other treatments. The recorded values of N, P and K concentration by grains were 1.85, 0.78 and 1.82 % for soil treated with compost tea combination (75 Kg N Fed <sup>-1</sup>).https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114958_684049c32a2d4ba5e3308617eb63259d.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230PRODUCTIVITY, LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME SELECTED CYANOBACTERIAL STRAINS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWTH CONDITIONS9110611496210.21608/egyjs.2012.114962ENFekry M.GhazalSoils, Water and Environ. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptOla I.HammoudaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptMohamed S.AbdeL HameedBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptSherif H.HassanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptSeham M.HamedSoils, Water and Environ. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20120719The present study is a trial to cultivate three different cyanobacterial strains (<em>Anabaena laxa</em>, <em>Anabaena fertilissima</em> and <em>Nostoc muscorum</em>) under four different growth conditions using BG11<sub>0 </sub>growth medium. These conditions are represented by static glucose medium with glucose (1%, w/v), aerated medium (aerated by bubbling technique depending on atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>normallyexisted in air with a concentration of 0.3%), growth mediumenriched with molasses of sugar cane (0.7%, v/v) and aerated growth medium enriched with glucose (1%, w/v). <em>A. laxa</em>, <em>A. fertilissima</em> and <em>N. muscorum</em> exhibited high biomass production under mixotrophic growth condition rather than aerated autotrophic condition. Whereas, static glucose medium enhanced the growth of<em> A</em>.<em> laxa, A. fertilissima and </em><em>N. muscorum </em>significantly with dry weight yield of 3.6, 3.1 and 5.2 g L<sup>-1</sup>,respectively. Moreover, glucose enhanced lipid content for both <em>A. </em><em>laxa</em> and <em>N. muscorum</em> to produce 293.9 and 253.5 μg g<sup>-1</sup> fresh wt., respectively. While <em>A.</em> <em>fertilissima</em> exhibited the highest lipid content under aerated enriched glucose medium (307.6 μg g<sup>-1</sup> fresh wt.). Static glucose medium supported the lipid synthesis rate of <em>N. muscorum</em> to record 6.3 folds, as compared to the control, after 10 days of treatment. While <em>A.</em> <em>fertilissima</em> exhibited its highest lipid synthesis rate under aerated enriched glucose condition after 2 days. Ten fatty acids were detected for all the investigated cyanobacterial strains with different percentages, under static glucose medium (1%, w/v) during the stationary phase. Half of them were saturated fatty acids and the others were two mono-unsaturated and three poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Myristic, palmitoleic and arachidonic acids were the most abundant among all the tested isolates.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114962_5ecc711e6725a75ea84b8a377a81f740.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE CYANOBACTERIUM NOSTOC COMMUNE VAUCH10711911496710.21608/egyjs.2012.114967ENM. S.Abdel HameedBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, EgyptBiology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, KSAS. H.HassanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, EgyptMedical laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Al Jouf University, KSAR.Abdel SalamPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, EgyptR.GamalBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, EgyptJournal Article20120820In this investigation, antimicrobial activity of <em>Nostoc commune</em> Vauch(isolated from agricultural wastewater canal, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt) organic extracts were examined against nine selected microbial isolates. Four of them were Gram positive bacterial isolates (<em>Bacillus subtilis, </em><em>Mycobacterium phlei, Sarcina maxima </em>and<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>), four Gram negative bacteria (<em>Escherichia</em><em> coli, Proteus mirabilis,</em><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Salmonella arizonae</em>) and one unicellular fungus (<em>Candida albicans</em>) were evaluated for their resistance against these extracts<em>.</em> Methanol was the best organic solvent for extraction of active material, rather than the other organic solvents. This material was produced, maximally, after 10 days of incubation in aerated shaken culture at 30ºC and pH 8.0 when <em>N</em>.<em> commune</em> was grown in Medium 18 growth medium. The antagonistic material was purified using thin layer chromatography then identified using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques including UV, FT-IR, mass spectrophotometer and proton-NMR. Four unknown compounds were extracted that had long chain alcohol, sterol, long chain fatty acid and triterpen. These compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against <em>B. subtilis</em>. Only the long chain fatty acid (compound C) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of <em>B. subtilis</em> while the other compounds were not active.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114967_b5390255bfa8d35f06d8811fe0d0ba55.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230BIOSORPTION OF IRON FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY DRIED SPIRULINA PLATENSIS AND CHLORELLA VULGARIS12113211497110.21608/egyjs.2012.114971ENEntesar A.AhmedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20121009The present investigation shows that substantial amount of iron ions biosorption from aqueous solution onto the biomass of dried cells of blue green alga<em> Spirulina platensis</em> and green alga <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> at different iron concentrations. The IR analysis for surface function group of algal biomass revealed the existence of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which are responsible for the biosorption of iron. Also, the results of scanning electron microscope analysis suggested that the biomass of <em>S. platensis</em> and <em>C. vulgaris</em> are an extremely efficient biosorbent for the removal of iron from aqueous solutions.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114971_043d6bb09373974c6b12266c3bba2019.pdfThe Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-864913120121230SEASONAL PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS PRODUCTION OF DUNALIELLA BARDAWIL UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITIONS13314811497210.21608/egyjs.2012.114972ENTartiel El-Sayed MohamedBadawyCentral Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Ecology and Biology Department, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20121026Microalgae are the natural feeds of many aquaculture species and are the basis of the natural food. This work aimed at the investigation of the possibility cultivation green algae <em>Dunaliella bardawil</em> under outdoor conditions (Egyptian conditions) was studied, variation in chemical composition of algal cells due to season of cultivation was also investigated and costs production. Average cell mass productivity reached the maximum in summer followed by autumn and spring. The algae were grown in batches using successively larger containers, the yield of the biomass, initial (1.5x10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml) and final density (12 x10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml)of <em> Dunalilla bardawil </em> were obtained at four days culture 96 hours. Methods of drying significantly affected amino acid composition. Growth and chemical composition of <em>Dunalilla bardawil</em> cells are maximum crude protein content was around 52% for all seasons. Amino acid composition showed no significant difference between the batch cultures. Methionine was the limiting amino acid. The calculated average and maximum productivity of algal cells and crude protein showed the highest value in summer culture followed by autumn and spring seasons. The chemical composition of the algal powder was similar for all batches in percent of dry weight, 51.8 % crude protein(C.P), 8.9 % ether extract (E.E), 6.5 % crude fiber (C.F), 9.2% (ash), 23.6% N. free extract (NFE),and algal extracts containing antioxidant vitamins. The high cost of labor in the outdoor cultivation which represents approximately 49.26 % from the total operating costs, followed by the nutrients, which recorded about 26.10 % from the total costs, while the electricity had minimum cost recorded about 24.63 % from the total costs. The harvesting of ton lives algae and oven dried gave 950 g dry biomass. The 1.052 ton live algae produced 1kg dry biomass. The costs of Ingredient outdoor culture for producing live <em> Dunalilla bardawil</em> and operating dry biomass were about 15.30 Pound \ ton of live algae and the costs of dry weight were LE 20.30 Pound, while operating costs were LE 21.37 Pound/kg dry biomass.https://egyjs.journals.ekb.eg/article_114972_96f079d44dd6d66190c1498b3c90a632.pdf