The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630SURVEY OF SOIL ALGAL FLORA OF SOME CULTIVATED SOILS IN BENI SUEF, EGYPT11511413010.21608/egyjs.2006.114130ENMohamed S.Abdel HameedBotany department, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef UniversityJournal Article20060107The soil algal flora of some cultivated soils with different plants in addition to edaphic and physico-chemical characters of soils were studied at Beni Suef Governorate. A total of 117 species were identified, 52 of them belonging to Cyanophyta; 35 to Bacillariophyta; 27 to Chlorophyta; 2 to Euglenophyta and only one species of Xanthophyta. The cyanobacterial algae were more abundant being widely distributed at all the studied sites than the algal members. They represented 43% of the total algal population in all soil samples with predominance of <em>Oscillatoria amphibia</em> C.A. Agardh (2.95%); <em>O. granulata </em>(2.02%) and <em>O. angustissima</em> (1.75%).The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630IMPACTS OF WATER EXTRACT OF DIESEL OIL AND GASOLINE FUELS ON GROWTH AND SOME BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF DUNALIELLA SALINA TEOD.173211413110.21608/egyjs.2006.114131ENEman M.FakhryBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, EgyptMohamed S. M.Abdel-KareemBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, EgyptJournal Article20060110Two-way ANOVA proved that different concentrations of water extract of diesel and gasoline fuels significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affect the growth and biochemical activities of <em>Dunaliella salina</em>. The effects were found to depend mainly on type, concentration of the extract and period of culturing. Low concentration of both extracts (25%) ameliorated the growth and most of the measured biochemical analyses (pigment fractions, carbohydrates and protein). On the contrary, concentrations higher than 25% decreased these measured parameters. The toxic effect of these extracts was increased by increasing their concentration. The results proved also that gasoline is more toxic to <em>D. salina</em> than diesel fuel oil.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630ALGAL FLORA AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN EL-GABLE AL-ASFAR, CAIRO PART 1- PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES334711413710.21608/egyjs.2006.114137ENWafaa S.Abou El-KheirBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptAlia A.El-ShimyBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptAfaf H.AliBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptJournal Article20060210Samples over 12 months were collected from four tanks and effluent (September 2000-August 2001) along the station. The increase in number of total phytoplankton standing crop, the high concentrations of nutrients and low species diversity are the characteristics of eutrophicated habitats. The total phytoplankton standing crop ranged from 914.6 individuals x 10<sup>4</sup>/L at primary sedimentation tank to 6442.3 individuals x 10<sup>4</sup>/L at aeration tank. The phytoplankton community was represented by a total of 61 species belonging to 36 genera and 7 classes in the investigated station, namely Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Cryptophyceae. Approximately all the species of the last four groups and Bacillariophyceae were tolerant species and considered as eutrophic indicators.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630ALGAL FLORA AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN EL-GABLE AL-ASFAR, CAIRO PART 2- BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES496611414010.21608/egyjs.2006.114140ENWafaa S.Abou El–KheirBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptAlia A.El-ShimyBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptAfaf H.AliBotany Department, Women's College, Ain Shams University, EgyptJournal Article20060215The present results revealed that phytoplankton communities in the study area were represented mainly by 7 classes namely: Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae as the main groups followed by Euglenophyceae, while Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae and Xanthophyceae were rarely present. Chlorophyceae was the first dominant group, forming 59.7% of the total phytoplankton community, while Bacillariophyceae was the second dominant group forming 19.3% followed by the third dominant group, the Cyanophyceae forming 15.6% of the total phytoplankton community. The seasonal variations of chlorophyll a and b revealed that ,the maximum chlorophyll a and b values of 251.6 and 70.9 mg/L were recorded in the effluent water during summer respectively, while the minimum one of 26.8 and 2.9 mg/L were recorded in primary sedimentation tank (PST) during autumn and winter respectively. The highest values of gross production (3120 mg C/m<sup>3</sup>/h ) and net production (1146 mg C/m<sup>3</sup>/h ) were found in the effluent during summer and spring seasons respectively, while the lowest values 110.9 mg C/m<sup>3</sup>/h and 78.6 mg C/m<sup>3</sup>/h) were found in the PST during winter season.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630EFFECT OF NITROGEN STARVATION ON SOME METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF OSCILLATORIA ACUTISSIMA KUFFERATH AND SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS (TURP.) KÜTZ. WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDUCED CHANGES IN FATTY ACIDS PATTERN.677711414410.21608/egyjs.2006.114144ENMohamed E. H.OsmanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Hanan H.OmarBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Atef M.Abo-ShadyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Shimaa M. A.El-ShafayBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20060319<em>Oscillatoria acutissima</em> (cyanobacteria) and <em>Scenedesmus obliquus</em> (green alga) were cultured under nitrogen starvation conditions and evaluated for growth and some metabolic activities. Under nitrogen starvation condition pigments, protein, saponification values and lipase activity were decreased, while carbohydrate contents were increased for tested organisms. At the same time, iodine number increased in <em>O. ocutissima</em>, and decreased in <em>S. obliquus</em>. Infera red analysis showed reduction in the concentration of amino group in lipid materials of both organisms. However, GLC analysis cleared that nitrogen was significantly reduced in the lipid materials. The intra-cellular fatty acids of <em>O. acutissima</em> showed reduction in the total saturated fatty acids and increase in the total unsaturated acids, meanwhile <em>S. obliquus</em> recorded the opposite trend.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF ALGAL BLOOMS AGAINST SOME PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN EGYPT799211414510.21608/egyjs.2006.114145ENFekry M.GhazalSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Mohamed A.DeyabBotany Dept., Fac. of Science (Damietta), Mansoura Univ., Egypt.Manal A. H.El-GamalSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20060411Five algal species forming blooms at North Delta-Egypt, collected from diverse locations, were screened for their efficiency as antibiotic activity against some plant pathogenic fungi. The algal extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) as well as culture filtrate of <em>Spirulina maxima</em>,<em> Oscillatoria agardhii</em>,<em> Chlorella vulgaris</em>,<em> Ulva lactuca </em>and<em> Cladophora albida</em> were tested against a representative group of fungi. Growth inhibition of the fungal species was detected on exposure to each treatment of the algal species. The results show that <em>O. agardhii</em> was the most potent alga with an average growth inhibition of about 49.0 % over all treatments and all tested fungi. The most effective treatment for <em>S. maxima</em>,<em> O. agardhii </em>and<em> U. lactuca</em> was the culture filtrate; meanwhile, the ethanolic extract of both <em>C. vulgaris </em>and<em> C. albida</em> was the most pronounced treatment over all tested fungi. Complete inhibition was observed to <em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em>,<em> Sclertinia sclerotiorum </em>and<em> Verticillium alboatrum </em>on exposure to the culture filtrate of <em>O. agardhii</em>. The results are discussed in the light of the ability of these algae to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, secreted into the surrounded medium, which possess an inhibitory effect on the fungal growth.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AFFECTING PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AND BACTERIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN TERTIARY SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT PLANT9310911414610.21608/egyjs.2006.114146ENGahiza A.IsmailBotany Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptWafaa S.Abou El–KheirBotany Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptTarek A.TawfikCentral Lab for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research.FaridAbou El-NourEnvironment Specimen Bank, Nuclear Chemistry Department, Hot Lab Center, AEA, Cairo, Egypt.Doaa M.HammadCentral Lab for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research.Journal Article20060516The present work was carried out at a tertiary sewage water treatment plant located at El- kattameya city, Cairo, Egypt, for 12 months, January- December 2004. The phytoplankton standing crop decreased from 228.4 cells x10<sup>5</sup>/L at the oxidation tank during summer to 3.7cells x10<sup>5</sup>/L at the effluent tank during autumn. Phytoplankton community was represented by 88 species belonging to 42 genera and 7 classes namely; Cyanophyceae forming 68% of total phytoplankton standing crop, Chlorophyceae (16.4 %), Bacillariphyceae (13.7 %), Euglenophceae (1.5 %), on the other hand Xanthopyceae, Cryptophyceae and Dinophyceae were sporadic and poorly represented. The leading phytoplankon species were <em>Phormidium molle, Chamydomonas snowii, Nitzschia pellucida and Euglena gracilis</em>. All these species regarded as eutrophic indicators. The tanks under investigation, especially the oxidation tanks are considered to be eutrophic, with decreasing level of eutrophication towards effluent tank, indicate the improvement of water quality. Bacteriological counts using total fecal and fecal coliform were also determined during winter and summer seasons. Total coliform and fecal coliform densities were much higher at the collector tank than at effluent during both winter and summer seasons. Seasonal variations in chlorophyll a at the four tanks of the sewage water treatment system were 190.5 mg/L recorded at oxidation tank during summer season, while the lowest content of 7.3 mg/L was recorded at effluent tank during autumn season. The trophic state index was calculated from chlorophyll a values, the highest value (82.1) was observed at oxidation tank during summer and the lowest one (50.0) was obtained at effluent tank during autumn.The Egyptian Phycological SocietyEgyptian Journal of Phycology1110-86497120060630NITRIFICATION, PHYTOBENTHOS OVERGROWTH AND TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN TERTIARY SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT PLANT11112111414710.21608/egyjs.2006.114147ENGahiza A.IsmailBotany Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptWafaa S.Abou El– KheirBotany Department, Faculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptTarek A.TawfikCentral Lab for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research.FaridAbou El-NourEnvironment Specimen Bank, Nuclear Chemistry Department, Hot Lab Center, AEA, Cairo, Egypt.Doaa M.HammadCentral Lab for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research.Journal Article20060605Algal mats and scum were removed monthly (Jan. 2004-Dec.2004) from three tanks walls (oxidation, settling and effluent tanks) of tertiary sewage water treatment plant at El-Katameya city near Cairo. Phytobenthic algae were not detected in the collector tank during the annual course of the present investigation, thus it was examined only in the other three tanks of the sewage water treatment system. Phytobenthos community was represented by 120 species in 47 genera belonging to 4 classes namely, Cyanophyceae (65 species), Chlorophyceae (24 species), Bacillariophyceae (26 species) and Euglenophyceae (2 species). Among the dominant phytobenthos species were <em>Oscillatoria amphigranulate, Oedogonium capillare, Synedra ulna </em>and<em> Nitzschia</em> <em>obtusa</em> v. <em>vulgaris.</em> The increase in nitrate concentration during the nitrification phase of the biological activated sludge treatment process was found to be the main factor contributing to the high growth of benthic algae in the treatment system, decreasing nitrification phase time and injected oxygen set point reduced nitrate levels which in turn resulted in the full disappearance of benthic algae from the treatment system. The study proved that decreasing the nitrification phase time from 20 minutes/hour to 10 minutes/hour and the injected oxygen set point from 1.5 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L was ideal for the full disappearance of benthic algae from the treatment system. The treatment system was operated under such conditions for two months (October and November 2005).