DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SOIL ALGAL TAXA IN RELATION TO PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AT GHARBIA GOVERNORATE

Osman, M. E. H.; El-Naggar, A.; Omar, H. H.; Esmail, G. H.

doi:10.21608/egyjs.2003.113462

DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SOIL ALGAL TAXA IN RELATION TO PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AT GHARBIA GOVERNORATE

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta, Egypt.

10.21608/egyjs.2003.113462

Abstract

The algal flora of some cultivated soils in addition to edaphic and physico-chemical characters of sols were extensively studied at four different locations in Gharbia Governorate during the period from April 1995 to March 1996. From the total count recorded (218 species) it was found that 143 species belong to cyanophyta, 60 species to chlorophyta, 13 species to Bacillariophyta and 2 species to Euglenophyta. The cyanophyta was frequently encountered constituting 65.5% of the total algal poulations of all soil samples, with predominance of filamentous oscillatoroid forms (Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Lyngbya and Nostoc). Unicellular and colonial coccoid forms mostly represented chlorophyta, constituting 27.5% of the total recorded algal population. The results also revealed that soil and algal variables varied markedly between locations. Thus, the most soil variables, soil moiture, organic matter, total organic nitrogen, carbonates, silt, clay, Na⁺, Ca⁺² and Cl^- ions) were correlated with cyanobacterial growth in the studied locations. Whereas, the occurance of Cholrophyta species was correlated with the most previously mentioned variables in addition to phosphorous. AT the same time, the growth of Bacillariophyta species was correlated with moisture content, pH value, carbonates, sulphates and phosphorous. While, euglenophytes were dependent on organic matter, silt, clay, total N, Na⁺ and K⁺ ions in their maintenance.

References

Ahmed, Z.A. (1994). Preliminary survey of soil algal flora in uppe Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Botany. 34 (1): 17-36.

Allea, S.E. (1989).Chemical analysis of ecological materials. Second Edition, Blackweel Scientific Publications, Oxford. PP 36.

Allen, S.E.; Grinshaw, H.M.; Parkinson, J.A. and Quarmby, C. (1974). Chemical analysis of ecological materials. In: Allen, S.E. (ed.). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. PP. 565.

Ashley, J.; Rushforth, S.R. and Johansen, J.R. (1985).Soil-Algae of Cryptogamic Crusts from the Unitah Basin, Utah, U.S.A. Great Basin Naturalist. 45 (3): 312-318.

Bock, W. (1963).Diatomeen extrem trockener standorte. New Hedw. 6:199-254.

Bold, H.C. (1970).Some aspects of the Taxonomy of Soil algae. Ann New York Acad Sci. 175:601-616.

Bold, H. C. and Wynne, M.J. (1985).Introduction to the algae: Structure and Reproduction. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. PP 706.

Brock, T.D. (1973).Primary colonization of surtsey with special reference to the blue-green Algae. Oikos. 24:239-243.

Cano, M.S.; Mule, M.C.Z.; de Caire, G.Z.; de Palama, R.M. and Colombo, K. (1997).Aggregation of Soil Particles by Nostoc muscorum Ag. (Cyanobacteria). Internationa J. of Experimental Botany. 60 (2): 33-38.

Chapman, V.J. (1962). The algae St. martin's Press. Mocmillan, New York U.S.A. PP. 105.

Desikachary, T.V. (1959).Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

Deutsche Einheitsver Fahren Zur Wasser-Abwasser-und Schlammunter. Suchung Verlag Chemie, Weinhum (1960).

El-Ayouty, A.Y. and Ayyad, M.A. (1972). Studies on Blue-Green Algae of the Nile Delta. 1. Description of Some species in a Wheat Field. Egypt. J Bot. 15:283.

El-Kheir, W.S.A. and Mekkey, L.E. (1987). Notes on soil Algae in Different Regions in Egypt. Phytologia. 6 (7):429-433.

Fogg, G.F.; Stewart, W.D.P.; Fay, P. and Walbsy, A.E. (1973).The blue-green algae. Academic Press, New York.

Fritsch, F.E. (1936).The Role of the Terrestrial alga in nature. Essays in Geobotany in Honor of W.A. Setchell. PP 195-217.

Hoffmann, L. (1989).Algae of Terresterial Habitats. The Bot Rev. 55 (2): 77-105.

Hong, Y., Li, Y.Y. and Li, S.H. (1992). Preliminary study on the blue-green algal community of arid soil in Qaidam basin. Acta Botanica Sinica. 34 (3): 162-168.

John, R.P. (1942).Ecological and Taxonomic study of the algae of British soil I. The distribution of the surface growing algae. Ann. Bot. 6:323-349.

Kobbia, I.A. and El-Batanouny, K.H. (1975). Studies on the algal flora of egyptian soils. I-different sites along a triklet of a lake in the salines of wadi-El-Natroun. Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 6:61.

Kobbia, I.A. and Shabana, E.F. (1988).Studies on the soil algal flora of egyptian Bahariya Oasis. Egyptian. J. Bot. 31 (1-3): 23-44.

Lukesova, A. and Hoffmann, L. (1996). Soil algae from acid rain impacted forest areas of the krusne hory mountains 2. Effect of pH on Growth. Archiv Fuer Hydrobiologie supplementband. 109 (10): 39-51.

Mandal, R.; Begum, Z.N.T.; Khan, Z.U.M. and Hossain, M.Z. (1993a). N2-fixing blue-green algae in rice fields and their relationship with soil fertility. Bangladesh. J Bot. 22 (1): 73-79.

Mandal, B.; Das, N. and Gosh, R. (1993b). Relative efficiency of Azolla and Other Organic manures in Summer Rice Oryza Sativa. Indian J of Agric Sci 63 (4):195-199.

Mandal, B.; Das, N. and Dhosh, R. (1993c).Relative efficiency of azolla and other organic manures in winter rice oryza sativa. Indian J of Agric Sci. 63 (4): 340-344.

Metting, B. (1981).The systematic and ecology of soil algae. The Bot. Rev. 47 (2): 195-312.

Ohtani, S.; Akiyama, M. and Kanda, H. (1991). Analysis of Antarctic soil algae by the direct observation using contact slid method. Antarctic record. 35 (3): 285-295.

Petersen, J.B. (1935). Studies on the biology and taxonomy of soil algae. Dansk. Bot Arkiv. 8:1-180.

Piper, C.S. (1974).Soil and plant analysis. The University of Adelaide, Adelaide. PP. 368.

Prescott, G.W. (1962). Algae of Western Great Lakes Area. W.M.C. Brown Co. Inc. Dubuque. Iowa. U.S.A.

Prescott, G.W. (1970).How to known the fresh water algae. William C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa.

Rodrignez, H.; Rivas, J.; Guerrero, M.G. and Losada M. (1990).Calcium Ion Requirement for aerobic nitrogen fixation by heteroscystous blue-green algae. Plant Physiology (Bethesda). 92 (4): 886-890.

Rogers, P.A. and Reynaud, P.A. (1979).Enumeration of the algae in submerged soi: Law of the distribution of organisms and the density of Sampling. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Soil. 15:219-234.

Salama, A.M. and Kobbia, I.A. (1982).Studies on the algal flora of Egyptian Soils II. DIfferent sites of a sector in the lybian desert. Egyptian. J Bot. 25 No. 1-3.

Salama, A.M.; EL-Batanouny, K. and ALi, M.I. (1973). Studies on the fungal flora of Egyptian soils. I. West Mediterranean Coast. and Lybian Desert. U.A.R.J. Bot. 14:99.

Staub, R. (1961).Ernahrungsphysioolohisch-autokologisch Untersuchungen an der planktischen blaulage oscillatoria rubescens DC. Schweiz. Z Hydrol. 22:82-198.

Watanabe, M. and Niiyama, Y. (1990). Fresh Water Algae from lake akan (5). Bull. Natn. Sci. Nus. Tokyo. Ser. B. 16 (1): 29-39.

Watanabe, M. (1992).Studies on planktonic blue-Freen Algae. 4. Some Anabaena Species with straight trichomes in Japan. Bull. Natu. Sci. Nus. Tokyo. Ser. B. 18 (4): 123-137.