PHYTOPLANKTON AS BIOINDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY IN RELATIONSHIP WITH FISH MORTALITY IN FISH FARMS AT NORTHEAST OF DAMIETTA - EGYPT.

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Botany Department, Faculty of Science at Damietta, Egypt.

Abstract

The phycological and physico - chemical evaluation was performed in three fish farms at northeast of Damietta (Boghdady, Dorgham and Moamen) as well as their irrigation canals over the period from May 2001 to April 2002. The species number was negatively correlated with water salinity and pollution. The data revealed 32, 25 and 28 species number inside the three fish farms Boghdady, Dorgham and Moamin, respectively. Such number increased to become 96, 72 and 56 respectively at these canals. Phytoplankton biomass was relatively higher in fish farms than that in irrigation canals. Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta were mostly the dominant phytoplanktonic groups in the different stations. Phycological indices  indicated that water was moderately polluted (b-mesosaprobic) in the irrigation canals and heavily polluted (polysaprobic) in the fish farms. There was also low net oxygen production by phytoplankton and high biological oxygen demand in fish farms. The depletion of the dissolved oxygen especially during second half of night in addition to the high concentration of ammonia might lead to fish mortality in subsurface water of fish farms.

References

American Public Health Association (APHA) (1985): Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, sewage and industrial wastes. 16th Ed.New York, p.1193.
AndersonNJ (1995): Temporal Scale, phytoplankton ecology and palaeolimnology. Freshwater Biology 34, 367-378.
Behrndt H (1990): The chemical composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton in eutrophic shallow lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 118(2): 129-145.
Bell PRF (1991): Status of eutrophication in the great barrier reef Lagoon. J. of Marine Pollution Bulletien. 23,  89-93.
Borum J and Sand-Jensen K (1996): Is total primary production in shallow coastal marine waters stimulated by nitrogen loading? Fresh water - Biological laboratory, Univ. of Copenhangen.
 Cairns J and Scherier A (1962): Proc. 17th Indust., Waste Conf Purdue Univ, Engin. Extn., Series No. 112, 14-28.
Edler L (1979): Recommendations for marine biological studies in the Baltic Sea. phytoplankton and chlorophyll. UNESCO, Working Group.Baltic Marine Biologists, National Swedish Environmental protection Board, Stockholm.
El-Naggar MEE, Shaaban-Dessouki SA, Abdel-Hamid ML and Aly FA (1998): Studes on the phytoplankton population and physico-chemical coditions of treated sewage discharged in to lakeManzala in Egypt. Microbiol., 21 (2): 183 - 196.
El Otify M A (1999): Characteristics of phytoplankton communities in fish culture ponds at Aswan, Egypt. J. Union Arab Biol, Cairo. Vol.7 (B) Botany (Physiology and Algae) 93-116,Nov.99.
El-Sabrouti MA (1990): Texture, chemistry and mineralogy of the bottom sediments of lake Manzalah, Egypt. Bull. Faculty of Science, Alex. Univ. 30(A): 270 -294.
Goldman CR and Horne R (1983): Phytoplankton In Limnology. International student Edition, McGraw Hill International Book Company, London, New Delhi, Paris, Sydney,pp. 197-220.
Golterman HL (1969): Methods for chemical analysis of freshwaters. International biological program by Blackwell Scientific Pub. Oxford and Edinburgh  172pp.
Hellawell JM (1986): Biological indicators of freshwater pollution and environmental management.- Elsevier applied Science Publishers, London, New York: 546p.
Hendy NI (1964): An introductory  account of the smaller  algae of  British  Coastal Water. Part v : Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms). London : HMSO.
Herman V.D and Adrienne M (1995): Long-term changes of diatoms and chemistry in head water streams polluted by atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds. Journal of  Fresh water Biology, 34: 579-600.
Hindak FM, Komarek J, Marvan P and Ruzicka J (1975): Kluc Na Urcovanic Vytrousnych  Rastlin I. Diol. Riasy.4, 630p.
Ingrid J, Helker S and Ormerad S.J. (1996): Diatoms as indicators of river quality in the Nepalese Middle Hills with consideration of the effects of habitat - specific sampling.  Freshwater 36: 475-486.
Jackson, M. L.  (1962): Soil chemical analysis constable and Co. Ltd. London.
Jenkins A, Sloan WT and  Cosby BJ(1995): Stream chemistry in the Middle Hills and high mountains of the Himalagas, Nepal. Journal of Hydrology, 166: 61-79.
JonesRI, Youn and Hartley AM and Bailey A E (1996): Light limitation of phytoplankton development in an obligotrophic lake-loch Ness, Scotland.  Freshwater Biology 35: 533-543.
Kollasa J (1988): Investigations on intensifications  of carp fingerling production. 5-Physical and chemical properties of water Acta Hydrobiologica 29 (3): 325-337.
Kurt Haglund , Bjorklund M, Gunnare S, Sandberg A, Olander U and Pederson M (1996): New method for toxicity assessment in marine and brackish environment using the macroalga  Gracilaria tenuistipitata Hydrobiologia 326/327:317-325.
Moss B (1973): The  influence  of environmental  factors  on the  distribution  of freshwater algae: An experimental study. II- The  role of pH and carbon dioxide .J. Ecol., 61: 157 - 177.
Nordvarg L and  Johansson T (2002): The  effects  of  fish farm  effluents  on the water quality in the Aland archipelago, Baltic Sea. Aquacultural Engineering.25.(4) 253-279.
Ormerod  SJ, BaralHS, Brewin PA, Buckton S Ti, Juttner I, Rothfritz H and Suren AM (1996): River habitat surveys and biodiversity in the Nepal Himalaya. Freshwater quality:Defining the indefinable (eds Boon PJ and Howell DL) in  press. HM50, Edinburgh.
Piper,C. S. (1947) ):  Soil  chemical analysis constable and Co. Ltd. London.
Raymont JEG (1980): Plankton and productivity in the oceans. 2nd ed. Vol.1. Phytoplankton, pp. 476.
Reid  KG (1961): Ecology of inland waters and estuaries. Textbook, VNR, New York,pp.375.
Remane A and Schliper C (1971): Biology of brackish water in : Elster. HJ Ohle,W (eds) Die Binnengewasser Vol. 25. Sluttgart: E. Schweiizbart’ sche Verlagsbuch handlung.
Romo  S and Miracle MR(1994):  Long -term  phytoplankton  changes  in a shallow hypertrophic lake, Albufera of Valencia (Spain). Hydrobiol., 275/276: 153 - 164. 
Round FA (1981): The ecology of algae. CambridgeUniv. Press, Cambridge CB21R, 653P.
Schmager M. (1986):  Laboratory studies on the effect of different condition of oxygenation on the bioseston of the upper vistule (Southern Poland) Acta hydrobiologica 28 (314): 329 - 343.
Shannon CE and Weaver W (1963): The mathematical theory of communication. 117pp. University of Illinos Press.
Skuja H (1948): Taxonomic des phytoplanktons  einiger seen in uppland, Schweden. Symb.Bot.Upsaliensis.9:1-399.
Sladecek V (1973): Systems of water quality from the biological point of view.  Arch Hydrobiol. Bieh. Ergebn. Limnol. 7(I-IV): 1-218.
Steed JM and Moring PJ (2000):  Biodiversity, density compensation and the dynamics of  populations and functional  groups. Ecology, 81 (2): 361 - 373.
Tebbutt THY (1977):  Principals of water quality control. 3rd ed. Pergamon Press. Robert Maxwell, M.C. Publisher, 201p.
Train RE ( 1979) : Quality criteria  for water. Castle House Publication LTD. London, 256p.
Ultermohle H (1936): Quantitative methods Zur untersuchung des Nannoplankon In: Abbrhalden's Handbuck der Biologischen. Arbietsmethoden, 2: 1879-1937.
Vollenweider RA (1971): Scientific fundamentals of the eutrophication of lakes and flowing waters, with particular reference to nitrogen and phosphorus as factors in eutrophication. - Technical Report DAS/CSI/ 68.27, OECD, Paris. 250P.
Walater   K D, Ruth E. H,  Erchem A,Evans M, Gudder D, Fritz K and Gray L (1996): The relationship of floods drying, flow and light to primary production and producer biomass in a prairie stream. Hydrobiologia 333: 151-159.
Watanabe T, Long DN, Lan LM,  Oanh DTH, Lanh NV,  Thanh LN) 2002): Nitrogen and phosphorus balance in fishponds under pig-fish system in the Mekong Delta.  JIRCAS Working Report .26, 57-63, 13  
Winkler L (1962): Standard method for the examination of water and waste water body. Prin. Co Ing. Albany, N. Y.
Wu JT and  Suen Wc (1985):  Change of algal associations in relation to water pollution. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin (Taipei), 26(2), 203-212.
Zabelena, M M, Kucelef EA, Prowkuna, AU, Lafrehko H and  SheshykofaBC (1954): Bacillariophyta identification. Ministry of Education SSSR, Mexico 540p.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics