ALGAL FLORA OF AIN HELWAN I. ALGAE OF THE WORM SPRING

Shanab, Sanaa M. M.

doi:10.21608/egyjs.2006.114166

ALGAL FLORA OF AIN HELWAN I. ALGAE OF THE WORM SPRING

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Sanaa M. M. Shanab

Botany department, Faculty of science, Cairo University

10.21608/egyjs.2006.114166

Abstract

Seasonal water samples were collected during the period of April 2004 to January 2005 and physico-chemical analyses were performed for each sample. Isolation and identification of the different algal species were carried out. Concerning the physical water characteristics, temperature of the water samples, during the period of study, ranged 26 - 30 ºC, pH values ranged 6.9 – 7.78 and light intensities, received by the surface of shallow water of the spring, ranged 26.4-115 Klux. On the other hand the values of chemical water characteristics (anions, cations, micronutrients) were seasonally fluctuated and no detection of cobalt and cadmium were recorded. The total identified algal flora in the water samples of the four seasons recorded 209 species and 116 genera belonging to 8 algal divisions; Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta, Euglenophyta, Dinophyta and Charophyta. Cyanobacteria were the maximally represented division (91 species and 29 genera) during the period of study, followed by Chlorophyta (59 species and 45 genera), Bacillariophyta (52 species and 35 genera), Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta were represented each by (2 species and 2 genera).While, the least representative algal divisions were Charophyta, Dinophyta and Xanthophyta (1 species and 1 genera). The largest algal biomass was recorded in winter sample (138 species and 92 genera) followed in descending order by autumn (87 species and 56 genera), summer (71 species and 45 genera) and spring samples (48 species and 25 genera). It seemed that the diversity of algal flora in water samples was mainly controlled by and significantly correlated with some physico-chemical characteristics of water samples.

Keywords

References

Abdou, I. I. M. (1994). Geology and hydrogeology of the Helwan area, Egypt M.Sc. thesis, Geology department, Faculty of science, Menoufia University.

Abou-El Kheir, W. S. and Mekky, L. (1986). Studies on the algal floras inhabiting different water sources in Egypt. 2-Lakes and Springs. Phytologia, 61(5):285-296.

Abou-El kheir, W. S and Ismail, G. H. (1986). Notes on the aquatic habitats of macrophytes and associated algae in various regions in Egypt. 1- El-Fayum region. Phytologia, 60:469-482.

Abrontes, N.; Antunes, S. C.; Pereira, M. J. and Gonalves, F. (2006).Seasonal succession of cladocerans and phytoplankton and their interactions in a shallow eutrophic lake (Lake Vela, Portugal. Acta Oecologica, 29(1):54-64.

Ali, S. S.; Jafri, S.I.H.; Leghari, S.M. and Thebow, S. (1983). Studies on the flora and fauna of a hot sulphur spring at Lakki (district Dadu), Sind, Pakistan. Kar. Univ.J. Sci., 11(2):185-197.

Aly, M.S. (2000).Ecological studies on phytoplankton in closed lakes of Wadi-El-Natron. Egypt. J. Phycol., 1:203-209.

APHA (1985). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 16^thed. American public health association, Washington, DC, USA, 1268 pp.

Arif, I. A. (1989).Algal distributions in a warm spring of Saudia Arabia. Arab Gulf J. Scient. Res., 7(2):145-154.

Bourrelly, P. (1968). Les algues d'eau douce, initiation à la systématique.Tome II. Les Algues Jaunes et brunes,Chrysophycees,Xanthophycees et Diatomees.Ed.N. Boubee and Cie, Paris, France, pp.438.

Bourrelly, P. (1970). Les algues d'eau douce, initiation à la systématique. Tome III. Les algues bleues et rouges. Ed. N. Boubée and Cie, Paris, France, 512 pp.

Bourrelly, P. (1972). Les algues d'eau douce, initiation à la systématique. Tome I. Les algues vertes. Ed. N. Boubée and Cie, Paris, France, 511 pp.

Boyed ,C.E. (1984) Water quality in warm water fish ponds .Auburn University Agri .Exp. Sta .,Auburn, Alabama .

Carvalho, A. P. and Malcata, F. X. (2003). Kinetic modeling of the autotrophic growth of Pavlova lutheri, study of the combined influence of light and temperature. Biotechnol. Prog., 19:1128–1135.

Cox, E. J. (1996). Identification of fresh water diatoms from live material-Chapman and Hall, 2-6-Boundary Row, London SE 1 8 HN, U.K., 156 p.

Davey, M.C. and Rothery, P. (1993). Primary colonization by microalgae in relation to spatial variation in edaphic factors on Antarctic fellfield soils. J. Ecol., 81:335-343.

Desikachary, T.V. (1959).Cyanobacteria, Monographs on Algae Academic press, New York and London.

Doeck, K. and Tracey, M.V. (1956).Modern methods of plant analysis-Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Domingues, R.B.; Barbosa, A. and Galvao, H. (2005).Nutrients, light and phytoplankton succession in a temperate estuary (the Guadiana, south-western Iberia). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 64(2-3):249-260.

El-Gamal, A. D. and Salah El-Din, R. A. (1999). New species of the genus Compsopogon montagne (C. helwanii) from Egypt. Phykos, 38(1and2):37-42.

El-Kiki, J. E.; Mabrook, B. and Swailem, F.M. (1978). Evaluation of trace elements and tritium content in some mineral springs in Egypt. Isotope and Rad.Res., 10(1):55-82 .

El- Ramly, I. M. (1969). Recent review of investigations on the thermal and mineral springs in the UAR. XXIII Int .Geol. Cong., 16: 201-213.

Foged, N. (1980). Diatoms in Egypt. In: Nova Hedwigia Band XXXIII-Braunschweig 1980. J. Cramer, 629-707.

Foged, N. (1984).The diatom flora in springs in Jutland, Denmark. Bibliotheca Diatomologica, 4: 1-118.

Gaballah, M. M.; Touliabah, H. E. and Serage, M. S. (2000).Diatom communities associated with some aquatic plants in polluted water courses, Nile Delta. Egypt. J. Phycol., 1:211-224.

Hamed, A. F.(1995). Studies on the algal flora of some thermal springs in Egypt. Ph.D.Thesis Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, 161 P.

Issar, A.; Rossenthal, E.; Eckstein, I. and Bogoch, R. (1971). Formation waters, warm springs and mineralization phenomena along the eastern shore of the Gulf of Suez. Bull. Int. Assoc. Sci. Hydrology, 16(3):25-44.

Jaha, M. and Kumar, H. D. (1990). Cyanobacterial flora and physico-chemical properties of Saptadhara and Brahma Kund warm springs of Rajgir, Bihar, India. Nova hedwigia, 50(3-4 ):529-534.

Kobbia, I. A.; Shabana, E. F.; Dowidar, A. E.; and El-Attar, S. A. (1990). Changes in physico-chemical characters and phytoplankton structure of Nile water in the vicinity of iron and steel factory at Helwan (Egypt). Egypt. J. Bot., 33(3):215-233.

Kobbia, I. A.; Dowidar, A. E.; Shabana, E. F. and El-Attar, S. A. (1993). Succession Biomass level of phytoplankton in the Nile water near the starch and glucose factory at Giza (Egypt). Egypt. J. Microbiol., 28(1):131-143.

Kobbia, I. A.; Metwali, R. M. and El-Adel, H. M. (1995). Studies on freshwater at Qalubia province (Egypt) in relation to some physico- chemical factors. Egypt. J. Bot., 35(1):25-43.

Kullberg, R. G. (1971).Algal distributioninsix thermal spring effluents. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 90(4):412-434.

Lund, J. W. G. (1965).The ecology of the freshwater phytoplanktons. Biol. Rev., 40:231.

Meinzer, O. F. (1923).Outline of ground water hydrology with definitions.U.S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 494,Washington,D.C., USA, 71 pp.

Nikitina, V. N. (1983). Blue green algae of mineral and warm springs of the Kronotski reservation Russian ,USSR. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta Biologiya, 3: 47-53 .

Prescott, G.W. (1978). How to know the fresh water algae. Brown Company publishers Dubuque, Iowa, USA, pp. 12-267.

Prescott, G.W. (1982). Algae of the western great lakes area W.M.C.Brown Publ. Dubuque, Iowa, pp.1-977.

Reeders, H. H.; Boers, P. C. M.; Van der Malen, D. J. and Helmerhorst, T. H. (1998).Cyanobacteria dominance in the lakes veluwemeer and wolderwijd, the Netherlands. Water Science and Technology, 37(3):85-92.

Schoeman, F. R. and Archibald, R. E. M. (1988). Taxonomic notes on the diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) of the Gross Barmen thermal springs in South West Africa/Namibia. S. Afr. J. Bot., 54(3):221-256.

Seoane, A. N. (1990). Phycological study of the thermal spring of Torneiros Levios , Spain. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid, 47(2):295-300.

Shaaban, A. S. (1985). The algal flora of Egyptian Oases. 11- On the algae of Siwa Oasis. Proc. Egypt. Bot. Soc., 4:1-10.

Shaaban, A. S. and El Habibi, A. (1978). The algal flora of Egyptian Oases .1- The algal flora of Kharga Oasis. Bull. Inst. Dest., 28(1):227-232 .

Sompong, U.; Hawkins, P. R.; Besley, C. and Peerapornpisal, Y. (2005).The distribution of cyanobacteria across physical and chemical gradients in hot springs in northern Thailand. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 52(3):365-376.

Swanberg, C. A.; Morgan, P.; Hennin, S. F.; Daggett, P.H.; Melic, Y.S. and El–Sherif, A. A. (1976). Preliminary report on the thermal springs of Egypt, Proc. Mediterranean area. Natl.Univ., Athens ,Greece, 2: 540-554.

Swanberg, C. A.; Morgan, P. and Boulous, F.K. (1984).Geochemistry of the ground waters of Egypt. Annals of the Geological Survey of Egypt. 14:127-150.

Thompson, P.A. and Guo, M. (1992). Effects of variation in temperature I- On the biochemical composition of eight species of marine phytoplankton. J. Phycol., 28:481-488.